枕
| ||||||||
Translingual
Han character
枕 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+4, 8 strokes, cangjie input 木中月山 (DLBU), four-corner 44912, composition ⿰木冘)
Derived characters
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 515, character 16
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14546
- Dae Jaweon: page 903, character 15
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1175, character 2
- Unihan data for U+6795
Chinese
| simp. and trad. |
枕 | |
|---|---|---|
| alternative forms | 𣏝 抌 ⿱冘木 | |
Glyph origin
| Historical forms of the character 枕 | |
|---|---|
| Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
Characters in the same phonetic series (冘) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
| Old Chinese | |
|---|---|
| 冘 | *lu, *lum |
| 抌 | *lu, *ʔl'uːmʔ, *loʔ |
| 狖 | *lus |
| 貁 | *lus |
| 耽 | *ʔl'uːm |
| 眈 | *ʔl'uːm, *ʔl'uːmʔ, *l'uːm |
| 酖 | *ʔl'uːm |
| 妉 | *ʔl'uːm |
| 黕 | *ʔl'uːmʔ |
| 衴 | *ʔl'uːmʔ |
| 瓭 | *ʔl'uːmʔ |
| 馾 | *ʔl'uːms |
| 髧 | *l'uːmʔ |
| 紞 | *ʔl'oːmʔ |
| 鈂 | *zlum, *l'um |
| 沈 | *l'um, *l'ums, *hljumʔ |
| 沉 | *l'um |
| 枕 | *l'um, *ʔljumʔ, *ʔljums |
| 莐 | *l'um |
| 霃 | *l'um |
| 鴆 | *l'ums |
| 訦 | *ɦljum, *ɦljumʔ |
| 忱 | *ɦljum |
| 邥 | *hljumʔ |
| 魫 | *hljumʔ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *l'um, *ʔljumʔ, *ʔljums): semantic 木 + phonetic 冘 (OC *lu, *lum).
Etymology 1
Perhaps from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *mV-kum (“pillow, block, bench, bedstead”), and cognate with Burmese ခုံ (hkum, “raised block”), Japhug tɤmkɯm (“pillow”) (STEDT). Zhang, Jacques, and Lai (2019) suggest that the t- preinitial in Baxter and Sagart's (2014) Old Chinese may be related to the Gyalrong indefinite possessive prefix, such as Japhug tɤ-, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *tV-.
STEDT also suggests 椹 (OC *ʔl'um, “chopping block”) as a comparandum, but it seems to be difficult to reconcile.
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese
- Gan (Wiktionary): ziin3
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): zeng2
- Northern Min (KCR): cěng
- Eastern Min (BUC): ciēng / cīng
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 5tsen
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): zhen3
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: zhěn
- Zhuyin: ㄓㄣˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: jhěn
- Wade–Giles: chên3
- Yale: jěn
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jeen
- Palladius: чжэнь (čžɛnʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʈ͡ʂən²¹⁴/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: zen3
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: zen
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sən⁵³/
- (Dungan)
- (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: zam2
- Yale: jám
- Cantonese Pinyin: dzam2
- Guangdong Romanization: zem2
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sɐm³⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: zim2
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sim⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Gan
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chṳ́m
- Hakka Romanization System: ziimˋ
- Hagfa Pinyim: zim3
- Sinological IPA: /t͡sɨm³¹/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
- Hakka Romanization System: zhimˊ
- Sinological IPA: /t͡ʃim²⁴/
- (Meixian)
- Guangdong: zem3
- Sinological IPA: /t͡səm³¹/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Jin
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: cěng
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡seiŋ²¹/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
Note:
- ciēng - vernacular;
- cīng - literary.
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chím
- Tâi-lô: tsím
- Phofsit Daibuun: ciem
- IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /t͡sim⁵⁵⁴/
- IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /t͡sim⁵³/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sim⁴¹/
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: zim2
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsím
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sim⁵²/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
- Wu
- Xiang
- Middle Chinese: tsyimX
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[t.k][ə]mʔ/
- (Zhengzhang): /*ʔljumʔ/
Definitions
枕
- pillow
- occipital bone
- alternative form of 軫 / 轸 (zhěn, “cross board at rear of a carriage”)
Compounds
- 一枕黃粱 / 一枕黄粱 (yīzhěnhuángliáng)
- 伏枕
- 倒枕捶床
- 倒枕搥床 / 倒枕捶床
- 共枕
- 冰枕
- 同衾共枕
- 呂公枕 / 吕公枕
- 大衾長枕 / 大衾长枕
- 大迎枕
- 奉枕席
- 孤衾獨枕 / 孤衾独枕
- 安枕 (ānzhěn)
- 安枕無憂 / 安枕无忧
- 安枕而臥 / 安枕而卧
- 就枕
- 引枕
- 戀枕 / 恋枕
- 扇枕溫席 / 扇枕温席
- 扇枕溫衾 / 扇枕温衾
- 扇枕溫被 / 扇枕温被
- 打枕捶床
- 抱枕 (bàozhěn)
- 拐枕
- 拂枕席
- 捶床拍枕
- 捶床搗枕 / 捶床捣枕
- 搗枕搥床 / 捣枕捶床
- 枕中書 / 枕中书
- 枕中記 / 枕中记
- 枕中鴻寶 / 枕中鸿宝
- 枕冷衾寒
- 枕套 (zhěntào)
- 枕巾 (zhěnjīn)
- 枕席 (zhěnxí)
- 枕席之歡 / 枕席之欢
- 枕心
- 枕木 (zhěnmù)
- 枕榻
- 枕箱
- 枕邊人 / 枕边人 (zhěnbiānrén)
- 枕邊細語 / 枕边细语 (zhěnbiān xìyǔ)
- 枕邊靈 / 枕边灵
- 枕頭 / 枕头 (zhěntou)
- 枕頭箱 / 枕头箱
- 枕骨 (zhěngǔ)
- 枕髁
- 椎床倒枕
- 民不安枕
- 溫席扇枕 / 温席扇枕
- 熨衣枕
- 玉枕
- 繡花枕頭 / 绣花枕头 (xiùhuāzhěntou)
- 臥不安枕 / 卧不安枕
- 菊枕
- 落枕
- 薦枕 / 荐枕
- 薦枕席 / 荐枕席
- 藉草枕塊 / 借草枕块
- 衾寒枕冷
- 衾枕 (qīnzhěn)
- 衾枕之樂 / 衾枕之乐
- 角枕
- 警枕
- 軌枕 / 轨枕 (guǐzhěn)
- 遊仙枕 / 游仙枕
- 長枕大被 / 长枕大被
- 雞鳴枕 / 鸡鸣枕
- 靠枕
- 高枕 (gāozhěn)
- 高枕不虞
- 高枕勿憂 / 高枕勿忧
- 高枕安寢 / 高枕安寝
- 高枕安臥 / 高枕安卧
- 高枕無事 / 高枕无事
- 高枕無憂 / 高枕无忧 (gāozhěnwúyōu)
- 高枕無虞 / 高枕无虞
- 高枕而眠
- 高枕而臥 / 高枕而卧
Etymology 2
Denominal verb from etymology 1.
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Mainland)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: zhěn
- Zhuyin: ㄓㄣˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: jhěn
- Wade–Giles: chên3
- Yale: jěn
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jeen
- Palladius: чжэнь (čžɛnʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʈ͡ʂən²¹⁴/
- (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: zhèn
- Zhuyin: ㄓㄣˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: jhèn
- Wade–Giles: chên4
- Yale: jèn
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jenn
- Palladius: чжэнь (čžɛnʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʈ͡ʂən⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese, Mainland)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: zam3
- Yale: jam
- Cantonese Pinyin: dzam3
- Guangdong Romanization: zem3
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sɐm³³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Middle Chinese: tsyimH
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[t.k][ə]mʔ-s/
- (Zhengzhang): /*ʔljums/
Definitions
枕
Compounds
Etymology 3
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: chén
- Zhuyin: ㄔㄣˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: chén
- Wade–Giles: chʻên2
- Yale: chén
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chern
- Palladius: чэнь (čɛnʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʈ͡ʂʰən³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Middle Chinese: drim
- Old Chinese
- (Zhengzhang): /*l'um/
Definitions
枕
- Lindera umbellata
- alternative form of 沉 (chén)
References
- “枕”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[2], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
Japanese
Kanji
枕
Readings
- Go-on: しん (shin)←しむ (simu, historical)
- Kan-on: しん (shin)←しむ (simu, historical)
- Kan’yō-on: ちん (chin)←ちむ (timu, historical)
- Kun: まくら (makura, 枕, Jōyō)
Etymology
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 枕 |
| まくら Grade: S |
| kun'yomi |
From Old Japanese. First attested in the Nihon Shoki of 720 CE.[1] From Proto-Japonic *makura.
Cognates
Cognate with Proto-Ryukyuan *makura, whence Kikai 枕 (makka), Kunigami 枕 (makkā), Miyako 枕 (maffa), Northern Amami Ōshima 枕 (makura), Okinawan 枕 (makkwa), Okinoerabu 枕 (makura), Southern Amami Ōshima 枕 (makra), Tokunoshima 枕 (makkwa), Yaeyama 枕 (maffa), Yonaguni 枕 (magura), and Yoron 枕 (makkura).
Pronunciation
Noun
枕 • (makura)
Derived terms
References
- ^ “枕”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten][1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
Korean
Hanja
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.
Vietnamese
Han character
枕: Hán Nôm readings: chẳm, chắm, chẩm, chũm, chấm, chỏm
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.