柘

柘	U+67D8, 柘 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-67D8

← 柗
[U+67D7]

CJK Unified Ideographs

柙 →
[U+67D9]

Translingual

Han character

柘 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+5, 9 strokes, cangjie input 木一口 (DMR), four-corner 4196₀, composition ⿰木石)

Derived characters

㮟, 𣗁

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 519, character 9
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14626
Dae Jaweon: page 907, character 7
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1180, character 2
Unihan data for U+67D8

Chinese

simp. and trad.		柘
alternative forms		樜

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 柘
Warring States	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Chu slip and silk script	Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (石) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
柘	*tjaɡs
妬	*taːɡs
蠹	*taːɡs
沰	taːɡ, tʰaːɡ
拓	tʰaːɡ, tjaɡ
橐	*tʰaːɡ
袥	*tʰaːɡ
驝	tʰaːɡ, raːɡ
斫	*tjaɡ
磭	ŋrɯnʔ, ŋ̊ʰjaɡ, *ŋaɡ
磔	*rtaːɡ
跖	*tjaɡ
石	*djaɡ
碩	*djaɡ
祏	*djaɡ
鉐	*djaɡ
鼫	*djaɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *tjaɡs): semantic 木 (“tree”) + phonetic 石 (OC *djaɡ).^[1]

Etymology

Miyake (1997), apud Schuessler (2007), compared this to Middle Korean [script needed] (tak, “mulberry tree”).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): zhè (zhe⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄓㄜˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): ze³
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): chià

(Teochew, Peng'im): zia³
Wu (Northern, Wugniu): ⁵tso / ⁵tsa

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: zhè
  - Zhuyin: ㄓㄜˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jhè
  - Wade–Giles: chê⁴
  - Yale: jè
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jeh
  - Palladius: чжэ (čžɛ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂɤ⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: ze³
  - Yale: je
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dze³
  - Guangdong Romanization: zé³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɛː³³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chià
  - Tâi-lô: tsià
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ciax
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sia⁴¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /t͡sia¹¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung): /t͡sia²¹/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: zia³
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsià
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sia²¹³/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁵tso
  - MiniDict: tso^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²tso
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡so³⁴/
- (Northern: Suzhou)
  - Wugniu: ⁵tsa
  - MiniDict: tsa^去
  - Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /t͡sɑ⁵²³/

Middle Chinese: tsyaeH

Rime
Character	柘
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	章 (23)
Final (韻)	麻 (100)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	之夜切
Baxter	tsyaeH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡ɕia^H/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡ɕia^H/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡ɕia^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/cia^H/
Li Rong	/t͡ɕia^H/
Wang Li	/t͡ɕĭa^H/
Bernhard Karlgren	/t͡ɕi̯a^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhè
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ze³

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*tAk-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*tjaɡs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	柘
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zhè
Middle Chinese	‹ tsyæ^H ›
Old Chinese	/*tAk-s/
English	a kind of mulberry tree
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	柘
Reading #	1/1
No.	11454
Phonetic component	石
Rime group	暮
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime
Old Chinese	/*tjaɡs/

Definitions

柘

silkworm thorn tree (Maclura tricuspidata)
alternative form of 蔗 (zhè, “sugar cane”)
used in 柘枝 (zhèzhī)
a surname

Compounds

柘城 (Zhèchéng)
柘嶺 / 柘岭 (Zhèlǐng)
柘弓
柘彈 / 柘弹
柘木 (Zhèmù)
柘枝 (zhèzhī)
柘榴 (zhèliú)
柘樹 / 柘树
柘漿 / 柘浆 (zhèjiāng)
柘硯 / 柘砚
柘絲 / 柘丝
柘蠶 / 柘蚕 (zhècán)
柘袍 (zhèpáo)
柘黃 / 柘黄 (zhèhuáng)
桑柘
潭柘
諸柘 / 诸柘 (zhūzhè)

References

^ Tōdō, Akiyasu, Matsumoto, Akira, Takeda, Akira, Kanō, Yoshimitsu, editors (2018), 漢字源 [Kanjigen] (in Japanese), Revised sixth edition, Gakken, →ISBN

Japanese

Kanji

柘

(Jinmeiyō kanji)

Japanese box (つげ)
Chinese mulberry (Morus bombycis, Morus australis) (やまぐわ) (Can we verify⁽⁺⁾ this sense?)

Readings

Go-on: しゃ (sha)
Kan-on: しゃ (sha)
Kun: やまぐわ (yamaguwa, 柘)、つげ (tsuge, 柘)、つみ (tsumi)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
柘
つみ Jinmeiyō
kun'yomi

Noun

柘(つみ) • (tsumi)

(archaic) synonym of 山桑 (yamaguwa, “Chinese mulberry, Morus bombycis”)

Korean

Hanja

柘 • (ja) (hangeul 자, revised ja, McCune–Reischauer cha, Yale ca)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

柘: Hán Nôm readings: rú, giá, chá

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

[1] Tōdō, Akiyasu, Matsumoto, Akira, Takeda, Akira, Kanō, Yoshimitsu, editors (2018), 漢字源 [Kanjigen] (in Japanese), Revised sixth edition, Gakken, →ISBN

[1]