栝

See also: 檜

栝	U+681D, 栝 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-681D

← 栜
[U+681C]

CJK Unified Ideographs

栞 →
[U+681E]

Translingual

Han character

栝 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+6, 10 strokes, cangjie input 木竹十口 (DHJR), four-corner 4296₄, composition ⿰木舌)

a builder's frame for measuring

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 522, character 19
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14706
Dae Jaweon: page 910, character 21
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1200, character 3
Unihan data for U+681D

Chinese

Etymology 1

simp. and trad.		栝
alternative forms		桰

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (桰) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
咶	qʰroːds, qʰroːds, *ɡroːd
話	*ɡroːds
刮	*kroːd
鴰	kroːd, koːd
趏	kroːd, kʰroːd
舌	ɡroːd, ɦbljed
姡	ɡroːd, ɡoːd
頢	ɡroːd, koːd
括	*koːd
活	koːd, ɡoːd
适	koːd, kʰoːd
栝	koːd, l̥ʰeːmʔ
佸	koːd, ɡoːd
髺	*koːd
聒	*koːd
銛	koːd, slem, *l̥ʰeːmʔ
葀	*koːd
懖	*koːd
筈	koːd, kʰoːd
萿	*koːd
蛞	*kʰoːd
闊	*kʰoːd
秳	*ɡoːd

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *koːd, *l̥ʰeːmʔ): semantic 木 (“tree; wood”) + phonetic 𠯑 (OC *ɡroːd).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): kuò, guā (kuo⁴, gua¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄎㄨㄛˋ, ㄍㄨㄚ
Cantonese (Jyutping): kut³ / gwaa¹

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: kuò
  - Zhuyin: ㄎㄨㄛˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: kuò
  - Wade–Giles: kʻuo⁴
  - Yale: kwò
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kuoh
  - Palladius: ко (ko)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰu̯ɔ⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: guā
  - Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄚ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: gua
  - Wade–Giles: kua¹
  - Yale: gwā
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gua
  - Palladius: гуа (gua)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ku̯ä⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: kut³ / gwaa¹
  - Yale: kut / gwā
  - Cantonese Pinyin: kut⁸ / gwaa¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: kud³ / gua¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰuːt̚³/, /kʷaː⁵⁵/

Middle Chinese: kwat

Rime
Character	栝
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	末 (64)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	古活切
Baxter	kwat
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kuɑt̚/
Pan Wuyun	/kʷɑt̚/
Shao Rongfen	/kuɑt̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kwat̚/
Li Rong	/kuɑt̚/
Wang Li	/kuɑt̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/kuɑt̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	guo
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gut³

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*koːd/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	栝
Reading #	1/2
No.	7570
Phonetic component	桰
Rime group	月
Rime subdivision	3
Corresponding MC rime	括
Old Chinese	/*koːd/
Notes	說文作桰，羅振玉郭沫若雲氒爲矢桰初文，金文方或増口

Definitions

栝

synonym of 檜 / 桧 (“Chinese juniper”)
rear end of an arrow; nock
alt. forms: 筈
tool for straightening wood
used in 栝樓／栝楼 (guālóu)

Compounds

栝樓 / 栝楼 (guālóu)
栝矢亞 / 栝矢亚
機栝 / 机栝
檃栝
檼栝
櫽栝 / 𬄩栝

Etymology 2

simp. and trad.		栝

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (甜) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
銛	koːd, slem, *l̥ʰeːmʔ
栝	koːd, l̥ʰeːmʔ
餂	*l̥ʰeːmʔ
恬	*l'eːm
湉	*l'eːm
甜	*l'iːm
狧	*l̥ʰaːb

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *koːd, *l̥ʰeːmʔ): semantic 木 (“tree; wood”) + abbreviated phonetic 甜 (OC *l'iːm).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): tiǎn, tiàn (tian³, tian⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄊㄧㄢˇ, ㄊㄧㄢˋ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: tiǎn
  - Zhuyin: ㄊㄧㄢˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: tiǎn
  - Wade–Giles: tʻien³
  - Yale: tyǎn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tean
  - Palladius: тянь (tjanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰi̯ɛn²¹⁴/
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: tiàn
  - Zhuyin: ㄊㄧㄢˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: tiàn
  - Wade–Giles: tʻien⁴
  - Yale: tyàn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tiann
  - Palladius: тянь (tjanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰi̯ɛn⁵¹/

Middle Chinese: themX

Rime
Character	栝
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	透 (6)
Final (韻)	添 (157)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	IV
Fanqie	他玷切
Baxter	themX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/tʰem^X/
Pan Wuyun	/tʰem^X/
Shao Rongfen	/tʰɛm^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/tʰɛm^X/
Li Rong	/tʰem^X/
Wang Li	/tʰiem^X/
Bernhard Karlgren	/tʰiem^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	tiǎn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	tim²

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*l̥ʰeːmʔ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	栝
Reading #	2/2
No.	12403
Phonetic component	甜
Rime group	談
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	忝
Old Chinese	/*l̥ʰeːmʔ/
Notes	說文舌聲

Definitions

栝

(obsolete) wooden stick; poker

Japanese

Kanji

栝

(Hyōgai kanji)

builder's frame for measuring

Readings

On (unclassified): てん (ten)、かつ (katsu)、かち (kachi)
Kun: たきぎ (takigi)

Korean

Hanja

栝 • (gwal) (hangeul 괄, revised gwal, McCune–Reischauer kwal, Yale kwal)

an aged [old] pine tree
firewood