栴檀

Chinese

phonetic
simp. and trad.
(栴檀)
alternative forms 旃檀

Etymology

Ultimately from Sanskrit चन्दन (candana, sandalwood), possibly via Prakrit 𑀘𑀁𑀤𑀡 (caṃdaṇa) with syncope of the unstable final -a (see Bailey, 1946); cf. cognate in Tocharian B cantāṃ.

Pronunciation



Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1 1/1
Initial () (23) (7)
Final () (77) (61)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division () III I
Fanqie
Baxter tsyen dan
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/t͡ɕiᴇn/ /dɑn/
Pan
Wuyun
/t͡ɕiɛn/ /dɑn/
Shao
Rongfen
/t͡ɕjæn/ /dɑn/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/cian/ /dan/
Li
Rong
/t͡ɕiɛn/ /dɑn/
Wang
Li
/t͡ɕĭɛn/ /dɑn/
Bernhard
Karlgren
/t͡ɕi̯ɛn/ /dʱɑn/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
zhān tán
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
zin1 taan4

Noun

栴檀

  1. sandalwood
  2. bead tree

Synonyms

  • (sandalwood): 檀香 (tánxiāng)
  • (bead tree):

Descendants

  • Japanese: 栴檀 (sendan)
  • Korean: 전단(栴檀) (jeondan)
  • Sogdian: 𐼿𐼻𐽂𐼻 (cntn /⁠čandan⁠/)
    • Old Uyghur: 𐽽𐽶𐽺𐾀𐽰𐽺 (cyntʾn /⁠čintan⁠/)
      • Karakhanid: جِنْدانْ (čïndān, sandalwood, reddish-bay colored (of horses))

Japanese

Kanji in this term
せん
Hyōgai
だん
Jinmeiyō
on'yomi goon

Pronunciation

  • (Tokyo) んだん [sèńdáń] (Heiban – [0])[1]
  • IPA(key): [sẽ̞ndã̠ɴ]

Noun

(せん)(だん) or 栴檀(センダン) • (sendan

  1. bead tree (Melia azedarach)
    Synonym: (ōchi)
  2. synonym of 白檀 (byakudan, white sandalwood, Santalum album)

Usage notes

As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary).

See also

References

  1. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja in this term

Noun

栴檀 • (jeondan) (hangeul 전단)

  1. hanja form? of 전단 ((Buddhism) sandalwood)