梗塞

Chinese

		stem	to stuff; to stop up; to squeeze in to stuff; to stop up; to squeeze in; strategic pass; piston; unenlightened; Serb (abbrev.); Serbian
simp. and trad. (梗塞)		梗	塞

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): gěngsè, gěngsāi

(Zhuyin): ㄍㄥˇ ㄙㄜˋ, ㄍㄥˇ ㄙㄞ
Cantonese (Jyutping): gang² sak¹
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): kńg-sak / kēng-sek / kéng-sek

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, standard, literary)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: gěngsè
  - Zhuyin: ㄍㄥˇ ㄙㄜˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: gěngsè
  - Wade–Giles: kêng³-sê⁴
  - Yale: gěng-sè
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: geengseh
  - Palladius: гэнсэ (gɛnsɛ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɤŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ sɤ⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese, colloquial)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: gěngsāi
  - Zhuyin: ㄍㄥˇ ㄙㄞ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: gěngsai
  - Wade–Giles: kêng³-sai¹
  - Yale: gěng-sāi
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: geengsai
  - Palladius: гэнсай (gɛnsaj)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɤŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ saɪ̯⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: gang² sak¹
  - Yale: gáng sāk
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gang² sak⁷
  - Guangdong Romanization: geng² seg¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɐŋ³⁵ sɐk̚⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kńg-sak
  - Tâi-lô: kńg-sak
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kngfsag
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kŋ̍⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ sak̚⁵/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kēng-sek
  - Tâi-lô: kīng-sik
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kexngseg
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kiɪŋ³³⁻²¹ siɪk̚³²/
  - IPA (Taipei): /kiɪŋ³³⁻¹¹ siɪk̚³²/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kéng-sek
  - Tâi-lô: kíng-sik
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kefngseg
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kiɪŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siɪk̚³²/

Verb

梗塞

to block; to obstruct; to clog
(medicine) to undergo infarction; to infarct

Synonyms

(to block):

edit

不通 (bùtōng)
堵塞
堵截 (dǔjié)
堵窒 (Xiamen Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien)
妨礙 / 妨碍 (fáng'ài)
徑杈 / 径杈 (Hakka)
截 (jié)
掛礙 / 挂碍 (guà'ài)
擋 / 挡
擋住 / 挡住 (dǎngzhù)
攔 / 拦 (lán)
攔住 / 拦住 (lánzhù)
攔截 / 拦截 (lánjié)
攔擋 / 拦挡 (lándǎng)
攔閘 / 拦闸 (Hokkien)
攔阻 / 拦阻 (lánzǔ)
有礙 / 有碍 (yǒu'ài)
滯滯 / 滞滞 (Hokkien)
滯礙 / 滞碍 (zhì'ài)
礙噠 / 碍哒 (ngai⁵ da) (Xiang)
窒礙 / 窒碍 (zhì'ài) (literary)
蔽塞 (bìsè) (literary)
蔽障 (bìzhàng)
遮 (literary, or in compounds)
邀 (yāo)
閉塞 / 闭塞 (bìsè)
阻住 (zo² zyu⁶) (Cantonese)
阻塞
阻撓 / 阻挠 (zǔnáo)
阻擋 / 阻挡 (zǔdǎng)
阻攔 / 阻拦 (zǔlán)
阻滯 / 阻滞 (zǔzhì)
阻礙 / 阻碍 (zǔ'ài)
阻窒 (Hokkien)
障礙 / 障碍 (zhàng'ài)

(to undergo infarction): 梗死 (gěngsǐ)

Antonyms

(antonym(s) of “to block”):

edit

放行 (fàngxíng)
暢通 / 畅通 (chàngtōng)
通行 (tōngxíng)

Derived terms

心肌梗塞 (xīnjī gěngsè)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
梗	塞
こう Grade: S	そく Grade: S
on'yomi

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) こーそく [kòósókú] (Heiban – [0])
IPA^(key): [ko̞ːso̞kɯ̟]

Noun

梗(こう)塞(そく) • (kōsoku)

blockage
(medicine) blockage, tightness, infarction

Hyponyms

心筋梗塞(しんきんこうそく) (shinkinkōsoku, “heart attack, myocardial infarction”)
脳梗塞(のうこうそく) (nōkōsoku, “stroke, cerebral infarction”)

Verb

梗(こう)塞(そく)する • (kōsoku suru) suru (stem 梗(こう)塞(そく)し (kōsoku shi), past 梗(こう)塞(そく)した (kōsoku shita))

(medicine) suffer an infarction

Conjugation

Conjugation of "梗塞する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	梗塞し	こうそくし	kōsoku shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	梗塞し	こうそくし	kōsoku shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	梗塞する	こうそくする	kōsoku suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	梗塞する	こうそくする	kōsoku suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	梗塞すれ	こうそくすれ	kōsoku sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	梗塞せよ¹ 梗塞しろ²	こうそくせよ¹ こうそくしろ²	kōsoku seyo¹ kōsoku shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	梗塞される	こうそくされる	kōsoku sareru
Causative	梗塞させる梗塞さす	こうそくさせるこうそくさす	kōsoku saseru kōsoku sasu
Potential	梗塞できる	こうそくできる	kōsoku dekiru
Volitional	梗塞しよう	こうそくしよう	kōsoku shiyō
Negative	梗塞しない	こうそくしない	kōsoku shinai
Negative continuative	梗塞せず	こうそくせず	kōsoku sezu
Formal	梗塞します	こうそくします	kōsoku shimasu
Perfective	梗塞した	こうそくした	kōsoku shita
Conjunctive	梗塞して	こうそくして	kōsoku shite
Hypothetical conditional	梗塞すれば	こうそくすれば	kōsoku sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative

Korean

Hanja in this term
梗	塞

Noun

梗塞 • (gyeongsaek) (hangeul 경색)

hanja form^? of 경색 (“blockage, infarction”)