業果

See also: 业果

Chinese

		business; occupation; study	fruit; result
trad. (業果)		業	果
simp. (业果)		业	果

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): yèguǒ

(Zhuyin): ㄧㄝˋ ㄍㄨㄛˇ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)
  - Hanyu Pinyin: yèguǒ
  - Zhuyin: ㄧㄝˋ ㄍㄨㄛˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: yèguǒ
  - Wade–Giles: yeh⁴-kuo³
  - Yale: yè-gwǒ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yehguoo
  - Palladius: его (jego)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɛ⁵¹ ku̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
  - Homophones:
    [Show/Hide]
    ^edit
    ^edit
    業果 / 业果
    液果

Middle Chinese: ngjaep kwaX

Rime
Character	業	果
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	疑 (31)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	業 (147)	戈 (95)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open	Closed
Division (等)	III	I
Fanqie	魚怯切	古火切
Baxter	ngjaep	kwaX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ŋɨɐp̚/	/kuɑ^X/
Pan Wuyun	/ŋiɐp̚/	/kuɑ^X/
Shao Rongfen	/ŋiɐp̚/	/kuɑ^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ŋɨap̚/	/kwa^X/
Li Rong	/ŋiap̚/	/kuɑ^X/
Wang Li	/ŋĭɐp̚/	/kuɑ^X/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ŋi̯ɐp̚/	/kuɑ^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yè	guǒ
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jip⁶	gwo²

Noun

業果

(Buddhism) karma; the effects of karma

Japanese

Kanji in this term
業	果
ごう Grade: 3	か Grade: 4
on'yomi

Etymology

/ɡapukwa/ → /ɡafukwa/ → /ɡawukwa/ → /ɡaukwa/ → /ɡɔːkwa/ → /ɡoːkwa/ → /ɡoːka/

From Middle Chinese compound 業果 (MC ngjaep kwaX, literally “karmic fruit, karmic result”). Compare modern Mandarin 業果 / 业果 (yèguǒ).

Buddhist term, imported into Japanese when Buddhism was introduced to Japan, some time during the Kofun, Asuka, and Nara periods.

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) ごーか [góꜜòkà] (Atamadaka – [1])^[1]
IPA^(key): [ɡo̞ːka̠]

Noun

業(ごう)果(か) • (gōka) ^{←がふくわ (gafukwa)^?}

(Buddhism) karma, specifically the effects of karma

References

^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN