欠乏
Chinese
deficient; owe; to lack deficient; owe; to lack; yawn |
short of; tired | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| simp. and trad. (欠乏) |
欠 | 乏 | |
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: qiànfá
- Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄢˋ ㄈㄚˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: ciànfá
- Wade–Giles: chʻien4-fa2
- Yale: chyàn-fá
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chiannfar
- Palladius: цяньфа (cjanʹfa)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn⁵¹ fä³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: him3 fat6
- Yale: him faht
- Cantonese Pinyin: him3 fat9
- Guangdong Romanization: him3 fed6
- Sinological IPA (key): /hiːm³³ fɐt̚²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
Verb
欠乏
Japanese
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 欠 | 乏 |
| けつ Grade: 4 |
ぼう Grade: S |
| on'yomi | |
| Alternative spelling |
|---|
| 缺乏 (kyūjitai) |
Pronunciation
Noun
欠乏 • (ketsubō) ←けつぼふ (ketubofu)?
Verb
欠乏する • (ketsubō suru) intransitive suru (stem 欠乏し (ketsubō shi), past 欠乏した (ketsubō shita))
- run low, lack, run short
- ビタミンCが欠乏する
- bitamin shī ga ketsubō suru
- need more vitamin C
- ビタミンCが欠乏する
Conjugation
Conjugation of "欠乏する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)
| Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 欠乏し | けつぼうし | ketsubō shi | |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 欠乏し | けつぼうし | ketsubō shi | |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 欠乏する | けつぼうする | ketsubō suru | |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 欠乏する | けつぼうする | ketsubō suru | |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 欠乏すれ | けつぼうすれ | ketsubō sure | |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 欠乏せよ¹ 欠乏しろ² |
けつぼうせよ¹ けつぼうしろ² |
ketsubō seyo¹ ketsubō shiro² | |
| Key constructions | ||||
| Passive | 欠乏される | けつぼうされる | ketsubō sareru | |
| Causative | 欠乏させる 欠乏さす |
けつぼうさせる けつぼうさす |
ketsubō saseru ketsubō sasu | |
| Potential | 欠乏できる | けつぼうできる | ketsubō dekiru | |
| Volitional | 欠乏しよう | けつぼうしよう | ketsubō shiyō | |
| Negative | 欠乏しない | けつぼうしない | ketsubō shinai | |
| Negative continuative | 欠乏せず | けつぼうせず | ketsubō sezu | |
| Formal | 欠乏します | けつぼうします | ketsubō shimasu | |
| Perfective | 欠乏した | けつぼうした | ketsubō shita | |
| Conjunctive | 欠乏して | けつぼうして | ketsubō shite | |
| Hypothetical conditional | 欠乏すれば | けつぼうすれば | ketsubō sureba | |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative | ||||
References
- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
- ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN