洒落る
Japanese
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 洒 | 落 |
| しゃ Hyōgai |
らく > れ Grade: 3 |
| on'yomi | |
Etymology
Semantic shift from 曝れる (shareru),[1][2] itself a phonetic shift from 曝れる (sareru).[3]
Alternatively, derived from the classical lower bigrade conjugation verb 戯る (saru), from which 戯れる (zareru) is also derived.[4]
First cited to a text from 1660.[4]
Pronunciation
- Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of 「洒落る」
| Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary | |||
| Stem forms | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Terminal (終止形) Attributive (連体形) |
洒落る | しゃれる | [shàrérú] |
| Imperative (命令形) | 洒落ろ | しゃれろ | [shàréró] |
| Key constructions | |||
| Passive | 洒落られる | しゃれられる | [shàrérárérú] |
| Causative | 洒落させる | しゃれさせる | [shàrésásérú] |
| Potential | - | - | - |
| Volitional | 洒落よう | しゃれよー | [shàréyóꜜò] |
| Negative | 洒落ない | しゃれない | [shàrénáí] |
| Negative perfective | 洒落なかった | しゃれなかった | [shàrénáꜜkàttà] |
| Formal | 洒落ます | しゃれます | [shàrémáꜜsù] |
| Perfective | 洒落た | しゃれた | [shàrétá] |
| Conjunctive | 洒落て | しゃれて | [shàrété] |
| Hypothetical conditional | 洒落れば | しゃれれば | [shàréréꜜbà] |
Verb
洒落る • (shareru) intransitive ichidan (stem 洒落 (share), past 洒落た (shareta))
- [from 1660] to be stylish or smart in appearance and manner
- [from 1787] to joke, to be witty
- [from 1830s] (in modern usage, often in the past tense form しゃれた) to be flippant, to be saucy, impertinent
Conjugation
Conjugation of "洒落る" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)
| Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 洒落 | しゃれ | share | |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 洒落 | しゃれ | share | |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 洒落る | しゃれる | shareru | |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 洒落る | しゃれる | shareru | |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 洒落れ | しゃれれ | sharere | |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 洒落よ¹ 洒落ろ² |
しゃれよ¹ しゃれろ² |
shareyo¹ sharero² | |
| Key constructions | ||||
| Passive | 洒落られる | しゃれられる | sharerareru | |
| Causative | 洒落させる 洒落さす |
しゃれさせる しゃれさす |
sharesaseru sharesasu | |
| Potential | 洒落られる 洒落れる³ |
しゃれられる しゃれれる³ |
sharerareru sharereru³ | |
| Volitional | 洒落よう | しゃれよう | shareyō | |
| Negative | 洒落ない 洒落ぬ 洒落ん |
しゃれない しゃれぬ しゃれん |
sharenai sharenu sharen | |
| Negative continuative | 洒落ず | しゃれず | sharezu | |
| Formal | 洒落ます | しゃれます | sharemasu | |
| Perfective | 洒落た | しゃれた | shareta | |
| Conjunctive | 洒落て | しゃれて | sharete | |
| Hypothetical conditional | 洒落れば | しゃれれば | sharereba | |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ³ Colloquial potential | ||||
See also
References
- ^ Shinmura, Izuru, editor (1998), 広辞苑 [Kōjien] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Iwanami Shoten, →ISBN
- ^ “洒落る”, in デジタル大辞泉 [Digital Daijisen][1] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, updated roughly every four months
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 “洒落”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten][2] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN