浮屠

Chinese

		phonetic
simp. and trad. (浮屠)		浮	屠
alternative forms		浮圖／浮图

Etymology

An early loanword into Middle Chinese. Possible sources include Bactrian Βοδδο (“the Buddha”) or Middle-Indic, cf. Gandhari 𐨦𐨂𐨢𐨂 (budhu) (Ji, 1998v7). For the conflation of words for Buddhist stupas and for the Buddha, see also English pagoda.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): Fútú

(Zhuyin): ㄈㄨˊ ㄊㄨˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): fau⁴ tou⁴
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): Fù-thù

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: Fútú
  - Zhuyin: ㄈㄨˊ ㄊㄨˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: Fútú
  - Wade–Giles: Fu²-tʻu²
  - Yale: Fú-tú
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Fwutwu
  - Palladius: Футу (Futu)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fu³⁵ tʰu³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: fau⁴ tou⁴
  - Yale: fàuh tòuh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: fau⁴ tou⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: feo⁴ tou⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fɐu̯²¹ tʰou̯²¹/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: Fù-thù
  - Hakka Romanization System: fu^ˇ tu^ˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: fu² tu²
  - Sinological IPA: /fu¹¹ tʰu¹¹/

Middle Chinese: bjuw du

Rime
Character	浮	屠
Reading #	1/1	2/2
Initial (聲)	並 (3)	定 (7)
Final (韻)	尤 (136)	模 (23)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	I
Fanqie	縛謀切	同都切
Baxter	bjuw	du
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/bɨu/	/duo/
Pan Wuyun	/biu/	/duo/
Shao Rongfen	/biəu/	/do/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/buw/	/dɔ/
Li Rong	/biu/	/do/
Wang Li	/bĭəu/	/du/
Bernhard Karlgren	/bʱi̯ə̯u/	/dʱuo/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	fóu	tú
Expected Cantonese Reflex	fau⁴	tou⁴

Proper noun

浮屠

Buddha
(～鎮) Futu (a town in Yangxin, Huangshi, Hubei, China)

Synonyms

佛陀 (Fótuó)

Noun

浮屠

Buddhist monk
Buddhist stupa
- 救人一命，勝造七級浮屠。 [Literary Chinese, trad.]
  救人一命，胜造七级浮屠。 [Literary Chinese, simp.]
  From: 《增廣賢文》 "Enlarged Writings of Worthies"
  Jiùrén yīmìng, shèng zào qī jí fútú. [Pinyin]
  Saving one human life outdoes building a seven-storey stupa.

Derived terms

婆羅浮屠 / 婆罗浮屠 (Póluófútú)
救人一命，勝造七級浮屠 / 救人一命，胜造七级浮屠 (jiùrén yīmìng shèng zào qī jí fútú)
鐵浮屠 / 铁浮屠

Descendants

Middle Chinese

Sino-Xenic (浮屠):

→ Vietnamese: phù đồ (浮屠)

→ Proto-Koreanic: *Pwutukye

Old Korean: 佛體 (*PWUthye?)
- Middle Korean: 부텨 (Pwùthyè)
  - Korean: 부처 (Bucheo)
- ⇒ Middle Korean: 부톄〯 (Pwùthyěy)
  - Gyeongsang Korean: 부체 (Buche)
  - Pyongan Korean: 부테 (Bute)
  - Jeju: 푼체 (Punche)
→ Old Japanese: 佛 (poto₂ke₂)
- Japanese: 仏 (hotoke)
→ Proto-Jurchenic: *puciki
- Jurchen:  (*fut͡ʃiçi)
  - Manchu: ᡶᡠᠴᡳᡥᡳ (fucihi)