漣漣

See also: 涟涟

Chinese

		ripple; tearful	ripple; tearful
trad. (漣漣)		漣	漣
simp. (涟涟)		涟	涟

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): liánlián

(Zhuyin): ㄌㄧㄢˊ ㄌㄧㄢˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): lin⁴ lin⁴
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): lièn-lièn

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)
  - Hanyu Pinyin: liánlián
  - Zhuyin: ㄌㄧㄢˊ ㄌㄧㄢˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: liánlián
  - Wade–Giles: lien²-lien²
  - Yale: lyán-lyán
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lianlian
  - Palladius: ляньлянь (ljanʹljanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /li̯ɛn³⁵ li̯ɛn³⁵/
  - Homophones:
    [Show/Hide]
    ^edit
    ^edit
    漣漣 / 涟涟
    連連 / 连连
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: lin⁴ lin⁴
  - Yale: lìhn lìhn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: lin⁴ lin⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: lin⁴ lin⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /liːn²¹ liːn²¹/
  - Homophones:
    ^edit
    ^edit
    漣漣 / 涟涟
    連連 / 连连
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: lièn-lièn
  - Hakka Romanization System: lien^ˇ lien^ˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: lian² lian²
  - Sinological IPA: /li̯en¹¹ li̯en¹¹/

Middle Chinese: ljen ljen

Rime
Character	漣
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	仙 (77)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	力延切
Baxter	ljen
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/liᴇn/
Pan Wuyun	/liɛn/
Shao Rongfen	/ljæn/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/lian/
Li Rong	/liɛn/
Wang Li	/lĭɛn/
Bernhard Karlgren	/li̯ɛn/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	lián
Expected Cantonese Reflex	lin⁴

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[r]a[n] [r]a[n]/

(Zhengzhang): /*ren ren/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	漣
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	lián
Middle Chinese	‹ ljen ›
Old Chinese	/*[r]a[n]/
English	ripple; drip
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	漣
Reading #	1/1
No.	7993
Phonetic component	連
Rime group	元
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	連
Old Chinese	/*ren/

Adjective

漣漣

(literary, of tears) flowing continuously
- 哎，只落得兩淚漣漣。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  哎，只落得两泪涟涟。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: 13^th to 14^th century, Guan Hanqing, The Injustice to Dou E
  Āi, zhǐ luòdé liǎng lèi liánlián. [Pinyin]
  Alas, I'm only left with two streams of tears flowing continuously.

Japanese

Kanji in this term
漣	漣
れん Jinmeiyō	れん Jinmeiyō
on'yomi

Alternative spelling
漣々 (abbreviation)

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 漣漣 (liᴇn liᴇn).

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) れんれん [rèńréń] (Heiban – [0])^[1]
IPA^(key): [ɾẽ̞n̺ɾẽ̞ɴ]

Adjective

漣(れん)漣(れん) • (renren) ^†-tari (adnominal 漣(れん)漣(れん)とした (renren to shita) or 漣(れん)漣(れん)たる (renren taru), adverbial 漣(れん)漣(れん)と (renren to) or 漣(れん)漣(れん)として (renren to shite))

(of tears) continuously flowing

References

^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[DJR-1] Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

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