濁
See also: 浊
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Translingual
Han character
濁 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+13, 16 strokes, cangjie input 水田中戈 (EWLI), four-corner 36127, composition ⿰氵蜀)
Derived characters
- 𢹅, 𤅴
Related characters
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 654, character 19
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 18440
- Dae Jaweon: page 1064, character 16
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1758, character 3
- Unihan data for U+6FC1
Chinese
Glyph origin
| Historical forms of the character 濁 | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) | |
| Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
Characters in the same phonetic series (蜀) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
| Old Chinese | |
|---|---|
| 襡 | *toːʔ, *toːɡs, *doːʔ, *doːɡ, *djoɡ |
| 噣 | *toːɡs, *tuɡs, *rtoːɡ, *tjoɡ |
| 斣 | *toːɡs |
| 歜 | *sdoːmʔ, *tʰjoɡ |
| 斀 | *rtoːɡ |
| 孎 | *rtoːɡ, *toɡ |
| 濁 | *rdoːɡ |
| 鐲 | *rdoːɡ, *zroːɡ, *djoɡ |
| 鸀 | *rdoːɡ, *tjoɡ |
| 擉 | *sʰroːɡ |
| 獨 | *doːɡ |
| 髑 | *doːɡ |
| 韣 | *doːɡ, *tjoɡ, *djoɡ |
| 斸 | *toɡ |
| 钃 | *toɡ |
| 欘 | *toɡ |
| 躅 | *doɡ |
| 蠋 | *doɡ, *tjoɡ |
| 燭 | *tjoɡ |
| 囑 | *tjoɡ |
| 矚 | *tjoɡ |
| 屬 | *tjoɡ, *djoɡ |
| 属 | *tjoɡ, *djoɡ |
| 蠾 | *tjoɡ, *djoɡ |
| 觸 | *tʰjoɡ |
| 臅 | *tʰjoɡ |
| 觕 | *sʰlaː, *zlaːʔ, *tʰjoɡ |
| 蜀 | *djoɡ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *rdoːɡ): semantic 氵 + phonetic 蜀 (OC *djoɡ).
Etymology 1
| trad. | 濁 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. | 浊 | |
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): zuk6
- Hakka
- Eastern Min (BUC): cŏk
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 8zoq
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: zhuó
- Zhuyin: ㄓㄨㄛˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: jhuó
- Wade–Giles: cho2
- Yale: jwó
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jwo
- Palladius: чжо (čžo)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʈ͡ʂu̯ɔ³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: zuk6
- Yale: juhk
- Cantonese Pinyin: dzuk9
- Guangdong Romanization: zug6
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʊk̚²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhu̍k / thu̍k
- Hakka Romanization System: cug / tug
- Hagfa Pinyim: cug6 / tug6
- Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰuk̚⁵/, /tʰuk̚⁵/
- (Meixian)
- Guangdong: cug6
- Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰʊk̚⁵/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Eastern Min
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ta̍k / cho̍k
- Tâi-lô: ta̍k / tso̍k
- Phofsit Daibuun: dak, zok
- IPA (Xiamen): /tak̚⁴/, /t͡sɔk̚⁴/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /tak̚²⁴/, /t͡sɔk̚²⁴/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /tak̚¹²¹/, /t͡sɔk̚¹²¹/
- IPA (Taipei): /tak̚⁴/, /t͡sɔk̚⁴/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /tak̚⁴/, /t͡sɔk̚⁴/
- (Hokkien)
Note:
- ta̍k - vernacular (“nutritious but irritating”);
- cho̍k - literary (“muddy; chaotic; deep and thick; mixed and disorderly; dense”).
- Middle Chinese: draewk
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[N-tˤ]rok/
- (Zhengzhang): /*rdoːɡ/
Definitions
濁
- muddy; turbid; dirty; filthy
- chaotic; disorderly
- (of voice) deep and thick
- (phonetics, of consonants) voiced
- (Cantonese) to choke; to gag
- (Mainland China Hokkien) miscellaneous and in a jumble; mixed and disorderly
- (Mainland China Hokkien, of food) nutritious but irritating causing sores or causing the start, reoccurrence, or change of an illness
- (Xiamen and Zhangzhou Hokkien) thick; dense; strong (of flavor, etc.)
Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 渾 (“muddy; turbid”) [map]
| Variety | Location | Words |
|---|---|---|
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 渾濁, 混濁 | |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 渾 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 渾 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 溷 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 渾 |
| Wuhan | 渾 | |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 渾 |
| Hefei | 渾 | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 濁 |
| Hong Kong | 濁 | |
| Yangjiang | 濁 | |
| Gan | Nanchang | 渾 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 渾 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 溷 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 渾, 濁 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 渾 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 醪, 醪濁 |
| Zhangzhou | 醪 | |
| Chaozhou | 醪 | |
| Haikou | 醪 | |
| Wu | Suzhou | 渾 |
| Wenzhou | 渾 | |
| Xiang | Changsha | 渾 |
| Shuangfeng | 渾 | |
Compounds
- 乳濁液 / 乳浊液 (rǔzhuóyè)
- 五濁惡世 / 五浊恶世
- 凡胎濁骨 / 凡胎浊骨
- 十清九濁 / 十清九浊
- 惡濁 / 恶浊 (èzhuó)
- 懸濁液 / 悬浊液 (xuánzhuóyè)
- 揚清抑濁 / 扬清抑浊
- 揚清激濁 / 扬清激浊
- 汙濁 / 污浊 (wūzhuó)
- 清塵濁水 / 清尘浊水
- 清渭濁涇 / 清渭浊泾
- 清濁 / 清浊 (qīngzhuó)
- 淟濁 / 淟浊
- 混濁 / 混浊 (hùnzhuó)
- 清濁同流 / 清浊同流
- 清聖濁賢 / 清圣浊贤
- 渾濁 / 浑浊 (húnzhuó)
- 溷濁 / 溷浊 (hùnzhuó)
- 濁世 / 浊世 (zhuóshì)
- 濁母 / 浊母
- 濁氣 / 浊气
- 濁水 / 浊水
- 濁水溪 / 浊水溪 (Zhuóshuǐxī)
- 濁流 / 浊流 (zhuóliú)
- 濁涇清渭 / 浊泾清渭
- 激濁揚清 / 激浊扬清
- 濁物 / 浊物
- 濁聲 / 浊声
- 濁聲母 / 浊声母
- 濁質凡姿 / 浊质凡姿
- 濁酒 / 浊酒 (zhuójiǔ)
- 濁酒粗食 / 浊酒粗食 (zhuójiǔ cūshí)
- 濁醪 / 浊醪
- 濁音 / 浊音 (zhuóyīn)
- 濁骨凡胎 / 浊骨凡胎
- 白濁 / 白浊
- 稠濁 / 稠浊
- 紛濁 / 纷浊
- 舉世混濁 / 举世混浊 (jǔshìhǔnzhuó)
- 行濁言清 / 行浊言清
- 言清行濁 / 言清行浊
- 貪濁有狀 / 贪浊有状
Etymology 2
| trad. | 濁 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. | 浊 | |
Pronunciation
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lô
- Tâi-lô: lô
- Phofsit Daibuun: looi
- IPA (Xiamen): /lo²⁴/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /lo²⁴/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /lo¹³/
- IPA (Taipei): /lo²⁴/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /lɤ²³/
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: lo5
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: lô
- Sinological IPA (key): /lo⁵⁵/
- (Hokkien)
Definitions
濁
- (Southern Min) alternative form of 醪 (“murky; muddy; turbid; unclear”)
- 2006, “濁水溪之戀”, 武雄 (lyrics), 蕭煌奇 [Ricky Hsiao] (music)[1]performed by 詹雅雯 [Chan Ya-wen] and 蕭煌奇 [Ricky Hsiao]:
Japanese
| 浊 | |
| 濁 |
Kanji
濁
(Jōyō kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 浊)
Readings
- Go-on: じょく (joku)←ぢよく (dyoku, historical)
- Kan-on: たく (taku)
- Kan’yō-on: だく (daku, Jōyō)
- Kun: にごす (nigosu, 濁す, Jōyō)、にごり (nigori, 濁り)、にごる (nigoru, 濁る, Jōyō)
Compounds
Korean
Etymology
From Middle Chinese 濁 (MC draewk). Recorded as Middle Korean 탁〮 (thák) (Yale: thak) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.
Hanja
Compounds
References
- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [3]
Vietnamese
Han character
濁: Hán Nôm readings: trọc, đục, rục, sộc, chọc, trạc, trọa/troạ, trộc, trậc
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