無明

See also: 无明

Chinese

		not have	clear; bright; to understand clear; bright; to understand; next; the Ming dynasty
trad. (無明)		無	明
simp. (无明)		无	明

Etymology

ignorant; unintelligent: Calque of Sanskrit अविद्या (avidyā).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): wúmíng

(Zhuyin): ㄨˊ ㄇㄧㄥˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): mou⁴ ming⁴
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): mò-mìn
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): bû-bêng

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)
  - Hanyu Pinyin: wúmíng
  - Zhuyin: ㄨˊ ㄇㄧㄥˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: wúmíng
  - Wade–Giles: wu²-ming²
  - Yale: wú-míng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: wuming
  - Palladius: умин (umin)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /u³⁵ miŋ³⁵/
  - Homophones:
    [Show/Hide]
    ^edit
    ^edit
    無名 / 无名
    無明 / 无明
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: mou⁴ ming⁴
  - Yale: mòuh mìhng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: mou⁴ ming⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: mou⁴ ming⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mou̯²¹ mɪŋ²¹/
  - Homophones:
    ^edit
    ^edit
    無名 / 无名
    無明 / 无明
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: mò-mìn
  - Hakka Romanization System: mo^ˇ min^ˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: mo² min²
  - Sinological IPA: /mo¹¹ min¹¹/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bû-bêng
  - Tâi-lô: bû-bîng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: bu'beeng
  - IPA (Xiamen): /bu²⁴⁻²² biɪŋ²⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /bu²⁴⁻²² biɪŋ²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /bu¹³⁻²² biɪŋ¹³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /bu²⁴⁻¹¹ biɪŋ²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /bu²³⁻³³ biɪŋ²³/

Middle Chinese: mju mjaeng

Rime
Character	無	明
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	明 (4)	明 (4)
Final (韻)	虞 (24)	庚 (111)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	武夫切	武兵切
Baxter	mju	mjaeng
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/mɨo/	/mˠiæŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/mio/	/mᵚiaŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/mio/	/miaŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/muə̆/	/miajŋ/
Li Rong	/mio/	/miɐŋ/
Wang Li	/mĭu/	/mĭɐŋ/
Bernhard Karlgren	/mi̯u/	/mi̯ɐŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	wú	míng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	mou⁴	ming⁴

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*ma|mo mraŋ/

(Zhengzhang): /*ma mraŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	無	無	無	明
Reading #	1/3	2/3	3/3	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	wú	wú	wú	míng
Middle Chinese	‹ mju ›	‹ mju ›	‹ mju ›	‹ mjæng ›
Old Chinese	/*ma/	/*ma/	/*mo/	/*mraŋ/
English	not have	volitional prefix	don’t	bright
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	無	明
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	13117	9188
Phonetic component	無	明
Rime group	魚	陽
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	無	明
Old Chinese	/*ma/	/*mraŋ/

Adjective

無明

(archaic) unable to see; blind
(Buddhism) ignorant; unintelligent

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (無明):

→ Japanese: 無明(むみょう) (mumyō)
→ Korean: 무명(無明) (mumyeong)
→ Vietnamese: vô minh (無明)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
無	明
む Grade: 4	みょう Grade: 2
on'yomi

Etymology

From Chinese. See there for more.

Noun

無(む)明(みょう) • (mumyō)

(religion, Buddhism): avidyā: unenlightenment, ignorance of nirvana and of the fundamental state of existence

Korean

Hanja in this term
無	明

Noun

無明 • (mumyeong) (hangeul 무명)

hanja form^? of 무명 (“avidyā: unenlightenment, ignorance of nirvana and of the fundamental state of existence”)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
無	明

Noun

無明

chữ Hán form of vô minh (“avidyā: unenlightenment, ignorance of nirvana and of the fundamental state of existence”)

Chinese

Etymology

Pronunciation

Adjective

Descendants

Japanese

Etymology

Noun

Further reading

Korean

Noun

Vietnamese

Noun