白土
Chinese
white; empty; blank white; empty; blank; bright; clear; plain; pure; gratuitous |
earth; dust; rural earth; dust; rural; uncouth; uncultured; plebeian | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| simp. and trad. (白土) |
白 | 土 | |
| anagram | 土白 | ||
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: báitǔ
- Zhuyin: ㄅㄞˊ ㄊㄨˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: báitǔ
- Wade–Giles: pai2-tʻu3
- Yale: bái-tǔ
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: bairtuu
- Palladius: байту (bajtu)
- Sinological IPA (key): /paɪ̯³⁵ tʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pe̍h-thô͘
- Tâi-lô: pe̍h-thôo
- Phofsit Daibuun: peqtoo
- IPA (Xiamen): /pe(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ tʰɔ²⁴/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /pe(ʔ)²⁴⁻² tʰɔ²⁴/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /pe(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²¹ tʰɔ¹³/
- IPA (Taipei): /pe(ʔ)⁴⁻¹¹ tʰɔ²⁴/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /pe(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ tʰɔ²³/
- (Hokkien)
Noun
白土
- (literary) chalk (the stone)
- 令人各以白土,書「甲子」二字於家中大門上。 [MSC, trad.]
- From: c. 1330 - 1400: Luo Guanzhong, Romance of the Three Kingdoms/Chapter 1
- Lìng rén gè yǐ báitǔ, shū “jiǎzǐ” èr zì yú jiā zhōng dàmén shàng. [Pinyin]
- He ordered (his followers) to use chalk to write "a new beginning" on the outer doors of their homes.
令人各以白土,书「甲子」二字于家中大门上。 [MSC, simp.]
- (archaic) white potter's clay; kaolin; china clay
- (archaic) opium
- (archaic) Alternative name for 冀州 (Jìzhōu, “Ji Province (one of the Nine Provinces of ancient China)”).
Synonyms
- (chalk):
- (white potter's clay):
- (opium):
Dialectal synonyms of 鴉片 (“opium”) [map]
| Variety | Location | Words |
|---|---|---|
| Classical Chinese | 阿芙蓉 | |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 鴉片, 阿片 | |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 鴉片 |
| Singapore | 鴉片 | |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 大煙 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 大煙 |
| Wanrong | 洋煙 | |
| Xi'an | 大煙 | |
| Xining | 鴉片煙, 洋煙 | |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 大煙, 洋煙 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 鴉片煙 |
| Guiyang | 鴉片煙, 大煙 | |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 大煙 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 大煙 |
| Hong Kong | 鴉片, 大煙, 福壽膏 | |
| Gan | Nanchang | 鴉片煙 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 鴉片, 鴉片煙 |
| Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 鴉片, 鴉片煙 | |
| Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 鴉片, 鴉片煙 | |
| Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 鴉片, 鴉片煙 | |
| Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 鴉片, 鴉片薰 | |
| Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 鴉片, 鴉片薰 | |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 烏煙 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 洋煙 |
| Xinzhou | 洋煙 | |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 鴉片, 鴉片泥 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 烏薰 |
| Quanzhou | 烏薰 | |
| Jinjiang | 烏薰 | |
| Zhangzhou | 烏薰 | |
| Tainan | 鴉片 | |
| Penang (Hokkien) | 鴉片 | |
| Singapore (Hokkien) | 烏塗, 薰塗 | |
| Manila (Hokkien) | 烏薰, 鴉片 | |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 鴉片煙 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 鴉片, 阿芙蓉, 黑佬 |
| Shanghai (Chongming) | 大煙 | |
| Suzhou | 鴉片煙 | |
| Wenzhou | 烏煙 | |
Japanese
Etymology 1
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 白 | 土 |
| はく Grade: 1 |
ど Grade: 1 |
| kan'on | kan'yōon |
Possibly from Middle Chinese 白土 (MC baek thuX|duX).
Pronunciation
Noun
白土 • (hakudo)
- white soil or earth
- a weathered white rock, such as rhyolite, used for paints, cement mixtures, etc.
- short for 酸性白土 (sansei hakudo): This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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Derived terms
- 活性白土 (kassei hakudo)
- 酸性白土 (sansei hakudo)
- パイプ白土 (paipu hakudo)
Proper noun
白土 • (Hakudo)
- a surname
Etymology 2
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 白 | 土 |
| しら Grade: 1 |
つち Grade: 1 |
| kun'yomi | |
From Old Japanese, first attested in the Hizen-no-kuni Fudoki (c. 739 CE).
Compound of 白 (shira, “white”) + 土 (tsuchi, “earth, soil”).
Pronunciation
Noun
白土 • (shiratsuchi)
Synonyms
Proper noun
白土 • (Shiratsuchi)
- a surname
Etymology 3
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 白 | 土 |
| しろ Grade: 1 |
つち Grade: 1 |
| kun'yomi | |
Compound of 白 (shiro, “white”) + 土 (tsuchi, “earth, soil”).
Pronunciation
Noun
白土 • (shirotsuchi)
- Same as しらつち (shiratsuchi) above
Proper noun
白土 • (Shirotsuchi)
- a surname
Etymology 4
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 白 | 土 |
| しら Grade: 1 |
に Grade: 1 |
| kun'yomi | |
From Old Japanese.
Compound of 白 (shira, “white”) + 土 (ni, “earth”).
Also used in the Man'yōshū (759 CE) as 借訓 (shakkun) kana for ⟨sirani⟩, as in the phrase 知らに (shirani, “did not know”).
Alternative forms
Noun
白土 • (shirani)