百合
Chinese
| hundred | to close; to gather; to join to close; to gather; to join; to fit; all; together | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| simp. and trad. (百合) |
百 | 合 | |
Etymology
Named “hundred-union”, for the numerous segmented and overlapping scales on the bulb of the lily. The lily is traditionally a propitious sign of a blissful, long-lasting marriage; see the idiom 百年好合 (bǎiniánhǎohé).
The sense “yuri; lesbian” is a semantic loan and an orthographic borrowing from Japanese 百合 (yuri).
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): baak3 hap6
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): pak-ha̍p
- Northern Min (KCR): pă-hō̤
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 7paq-gheq
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: bǎihé
- Zhuyin: ㄅㄞˇ ㄏㄜˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: bǎihé
- Wade–Giles: pai3-ho2
- Yale: bǎi-hé
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: baeher
- Palladius: байхэ (bajxɛ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /paɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ xɤ³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: baak3 hap6
- Yale: baak hahp
- Cantonese Pinyin: baak8 hap9
- Guangdong Romanization: bag3 heb6
- Sinological IPA (key): /paːk̚³ hɐp̚²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: pak-ha̍p
- Hakka Romanization System: bagˋ hab
- Hagfa Pinyim: bag5 hab6
- Sinological IPA: /pak̚² hap̚⁵/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: pă-hō̤
- Sinological IPA (key): /pʰa²⁴ xɔ⁵⁵/
- (Jian'ou)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pek-ha̍p
- Tâi-lô: pik-ha̍p
- Phofsit Daibuun: pekhap
- IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /piɪk̚³²⁻⁴ hap̚⁴/
- (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: peh-ha̍p
- Tâi-lô: peh-ha̍p
- Phofsit Daibuun: pehhap
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /pe(ʔ)³²⁻⁴¹ hap̚⁴/
- IPA (Taipei): /pe(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ hap̚⁴/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iú-lih
- Tâi-lô: iú-lih
- Phofsit Daibuun: iwliq
- IPA (Taipei): /iu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ liʔ³²/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /iu⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ liʔ³²/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, General Taiwanese)
- Middle Chinese: paek hop
Noun
百合
- lily (flower or bulb)
- (ACG slang) yuri; lesbianism
Synonyms
- (lily flower):
| Variety | Location | Words |
|---|---|---|
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 百合花, 百合 | |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 百合花, 百合 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 百合花, 百合 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 百合 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 叭哈花 |
| Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 喇叭花 | |
| Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 打碗花 | |
| Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 喇叭花 | |
| Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 打碗花, 喇叭花 | |
| Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 喇叭花 | |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 糖球花 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 百合花, 百合 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 鈴鐺仔花 GT |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 百合花 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 百合花, 百合 |
| Suzhou | 百合 | |
| Note | GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified) | |
Derived terms
Descendants
Japanese
Etymology 1
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 百 | 合 |
| ゆり | |
| Grade: 1 | Grade: 2 |
| jukujikun | |
Probably the nominalization of the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of classical verb 揺る (yuru, “to sway, to swing, to wave back and forth”), from the way that lilies tend to grow tall and sway in the breeze.
The spelling is an orthographic borrowing from Chinese 百合 (bǎihé), indicating the way that lily bulbs cluster together—合わす (awasu, “to gather, combine”)—in large numbers, as in 百 (hyaku, literally “hundred”).
For information on the slang for homosexuality, see Yuri (genre).
Pronunciation
Noun
百合 or 百合 • (yuri)
- lily
- a style of 襲の色目 (kasane no irome, “color scheme of layering garments”), featuring a red outer layer and a reddish-gold inner layer, and worn in summer (from the way the color scheme resembles the coloration of the petals of certain varieties of lily)
- (slang) yuri, manga or other media depicting attraction, romance, romantic friendship or sexual relationship between women, usually lesbians
- 2015 February 25, “Dansei ga ‘yuri’ (gāruzurabu) ni moeru riyū [The reason men enjoy ‘yuri’ (girls love)]”, in Mainabi News[1]:
- だったらむしろ、レズビアンや百合のほうが楽しめるというわけなんです。男性が百合に萌えるのは、性に対するファンタジーなのかもしれません。
- Dattara mushiro, rezubian ya yuri no hō ga tanoshimeru to iu wake nan desu. Dansei ga yuri ni moeru no wa, sei ni taisuru fantajī na no kamoshiremasen.
- If that's the case, it seems to be the reason that they enjoy lesbians or yuri. That a man fancies yuri, it is likely a sexual fantasy.
- だったらむしろ、レズビアンや百合のほうが楽しめるというわけなんです。男性が百合に萌えるのは、性に対するファンタジーなのかもしれません。
Derived terms
Descendants
- → English: yuri
- → Chinese: 百合 (bǎihé, “yuri”)
- → Korean: 백합(百合) (baekhap, “yuri”), 유리 (yuri, “yuri”)
- → Vietnamese: bách hợp
- → Russian: ю́ри (júri)
- → Ukrainian: ю́рі (júri)
Proper noun
百合 • (Yuri)
- a female given name
Etymology 2
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 百 | 合 |
| ひゃく > びゃく Grade: 1 |
ごう Grade: 2 |
| goon | |
Noun
百合 • (byakugō)
- (traditional Chinese medicine) dried lily bulbs used in medicine
References
- Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典(新装版) [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
Korean
| Hanja in this term | |
|---|---|
| 百 | 合 |
Noun
百合 • (baekhap) (hangeul 백합)
Vietnamese
| chữ Hán Nôm in this term | |
|---|---|
| 百 | 合 |
Noun
百合
- chữ Hán form of bách hợp (“Lilium pumilum”)