盧訶寧俱沙

Chinese

		phonetic
trad. (盧訶寧俱沙)		盧	訶	寧	俱	沙
simp. (卢诃宁俱沙)		卢	诃	宁	俱	沙

Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Syriac ܪܘܚܐ ܕܩܘܕܫܐ (“Holy Spirit”).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): Lúhēníngjùshā

(Zhuyin): ㄌㄨˊ ㄏㄜㄋㄧㄥˊ ㄐㄩˋ ㄕㄚ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: Lúhēníngjùshā
  - Zhuyin: ㄌㄨˊ ㄏㄜㄋㄧㄥˊ ㄐㄩˋ ㄕㄚ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: Lúheníngjyùsha
  - Wade–Giles: Lu²-ho¹-ning²-chü⁴-sha¹
  - Yale: Lú-hē-níng-jyù-shā
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Luheningjiuhsha
  - Palladius: Лухэнинцзюйша (Luxɛninczjujša)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /lu³⁵ xɤ⁵⁵ niŋ³⁵ t͡ɕy⁵¹ ʂä⁵⁵/

Middle Chinese: lu xa neng kju srae

Rime
Character	盧	訶	寧	俱	沙
Reading #	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/2
Initial (聲)	來 (37)	曉 (32)	泥 (8)	見 (28)	生 (21)
Final (韻)	模 (23)	歌 (94)	青 (125)	虞 (24)	麻 (98)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open	Open	Closed	Open
Division (等)	I	I	IV	III	II
Fanqie	落胡切	虎何切	奴丁切	舉朱切	所加切
Baxter	lu	xa	neng	kju	srae
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/luo/	/hɑ/	/neŋ/	/kɨo/	/ʃˠa/
Pan Wuyun	/luo/	/hɑ/	/neŋ/	/kio/	/ʃᵚa/
Shao Rongfen	/lo/	/xɑ/	/nɛŋ/	/kio/	/ʃa/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/lɔ/	/ha/	/nɛjŋ/	/kuə̆/	/ʂaɨ/
Li Rong	/lo/	/xɑ/	/neŋ/	/kio/	/ʃa/
Wang Li	/lu/	/xɑ/	/nieŋ/	/kĭu/	/ʃa/
Bernhard Karlgren	/luo/	/xɑ/	/nieŋ/	/ki̯u/	/ʂa/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	lú	hē	níng	jū	shā
Expected Cantonese Reflex	lou⁴	ho¹	ning⁴	geoi¹	saa¹

Proper noun

盧訶寧俱沙

(Church of the East, historical) the Holy Spirit

Synonyms

Terms for the Holy Spirit in different branches of Christianity

Branch	Words edit
Protestant	聖靈, 聖神 archaic or dialectal
Roman Catholic	聖神
Eastern Orthodox	聖靈
Church of the East	涼風, 盧訶寧俱沙, 淨風, 淨風王