礎

See also: 础

礎	U+790E, 礎 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-790E

← 礍
[U+790D]

CJK Unified Ideographs

礏 →
[U+790F]

Translingual

Stroke order
Traditional Chinese and Japanese

Han character

礎 (Kangxi radical 112, 石+13, 18 strokes, cangjie input 一口木木人 (MRDDO), four-corner 1468₁, composition ⿰石楚)

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 837, character 29
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 24522
Dae Jaweon: page 1254, character 26
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2458, character 13
Unihan data for U+790E

Chinese

trad.		礎
simp.		础

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (疋) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
疋	ŋraːʔ, sŋra, *sŋraʔ
蝑	sŋas, sŋa
壻	*sŋeːs
婿	*sŋeːs
胥	sŋa, sŋaʔ
稰	sŋa, sŋaʔ
楈	sŋa, sŋaʔ
諝	sŋa, sŋaʔ
湑	sŋa, sŋaʔ
揟	*sŋa
醑	*sŋaʔ
糈	sŋaʔ, sŋraʔ
楚	sŋ̊ʰraʔ, sŋ̊ʰras
礎	*sŋ̊ʰraʔ
憷	*sŋ̊ʰraʔ
齼	*sŋ̊ʰraʔ
濋	*sŋ̊ʰraʔ
儊	*sŋ̊ʰras
綀	*sŋra
疎	*sŋra
疏	sŋra, sŋras
蔬	*sŋra
梳	*sŋra

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *sŋ̊ʰraʔ): semantic 石 (“stone”) + phonetic 楚 (OC *sŋ̊ʰraʔ, *sŋ̊ʰras) – a kind of stone, a plinth.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): chǔ (chu³)

(Zhuyin): ㄔㄨˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): co²
Eastern Min (BUC): chū
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): chhó͘

(Teochew, Peng'im): co²

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: chǔ
  - Zhuyin: ㄔㄨˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: chǔ
  - Wade–Giles: chʻu³
  - Yale: chǔ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chuu
  - Palladius: чу (ču)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʰu²¹⁴/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: co²
  - Yale: chó
  - Cantonese Pinyin: tso²
  - Guangdong Romanization: co²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰɔː³⁵/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: chū
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰu³³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhó͘
  - Tâi-lô: tshóo
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zhor
  - IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sʰɔ⁵³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰɔ⁵⁵⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰɔ⁵³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /t͡sʰɔ⁵³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰɔ⁴¹/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: co²
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tshó
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰo⁵²/

Middle Chinese: tsrhjoX

Rime
Character	礎
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	初 (19)
Final (韻)	魚 (22)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	創舉切
Baxter	tsrhjoX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡ʃʰɨʌ^X/
Pan Wuyun	/ʈ͡ʂʰiɔ^X/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡ʃʰiɔ^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʈ͡ʂʰɨə̆^X/
Li Rong	/t͡ʃʰiɔ^X/
Wang Li	/t͡ʃʰĭo^X/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ʈ͡ʂʰi̯wo^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	chǔ
Expected Cantonese Reflex	co²

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*sŋ̊ʰraʔ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	礎
Reading #	1/1
No.	11782
Phonetic component	疋
Rime group	魚
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	楚
Old Chinese	/*sŋ̊ʰraʔ/

Definitions

礎

Compounds

基礎 / 基础 (jīchǔ)
基礎代謝 / 基础代谢 (jīchǔ dàixiè)
基礎免疫 / 基础免疫
基礎工業 / 基础工业
基礎工程 / 基础工程
基礎教育 / 基础教育 (jīchǔ jiàoyù)
基礎條約 / 基础条约
基礎科學 / 基础科学 (jīchǔ kēxué)
基礎設施 / 基础设施 (jīchǔ shèshī)
基礎課 / 基础课
基礎課程 / 基础课程
基礎音 / 基础音
基礎體溫 / 基础体温
客戶基礎 / 客户基础 (kèhù jīchǔ)
巢礎 / 巢础
礎潤而雨 / 础润而雨
礎石 / 础石 (chǔshí)
經濟基礎 / 经济基础 (jīngjì jīchǔ)

Japanese

Kanji

礎

(Jōyō kanji)

cornerstone

Readings

Go-on: しょ (sho)
Kan-on: そ (so, Jōyō)
Kun: いしずえ (ishizue, 礎, Jōyō)
Nanori: もとい (motoi)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
礎
いしずえ Grade: S
kun'yomi

For pronunciation and definitions of 礎 – see the following entry.

【いしずえ】

[noun] foundation stone

[noun] (figurative) foundation (of a field of study, etc.)

(This term, 礎, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 礎 (MC tsrhjoX). Recorded as Middle Korean 초〮 (chwó) (Yale: chwó) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Pronunciation

(SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [t͡ɕʰo̞]
Phonetic hangul: [초]

Hanja

礎 (eumhun 주춧돌 초 (juchutdol cho))

hanja form^? of 초 (“cornerstone”)

Compounds

기초 (基礎, gicho)
주초 (柱礎, jucho)
초석 (礎石, choseok)

References

국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [1]