科学

See also: 科學

Chinese

For pronunciation and definitions of 科学 – see 科學 (“science; scientific; systematic; methodical”). (This term is the simplified form of 科學).
Notes: Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore. Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.

Japanese

Kanji in this term
科	学
か Grade: 2	がく Grade: 1
goon

Alternative spelling
科學 (kyūjitai)

Etymology

/kʷaɡaku/ → /kaɡaku/

First attested in the mid-Meiji period as a translation of English science.^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]^[6]

Coined in Japan of Middle Chinese-derived elements 科 (ka, “field”) +‎ 学 (-gaku, “school, study”).

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) かがく [káꜜgàkù] (Atamadaka – [1])^[5]^[7]^[8]
IPA^(key): [ka̠ɡa̠kɯ̟]

Homophone: 化学

Noun

科(か)学(がく) • (kagaku) ^{←くわがく (kwagaku)^?}

science
帝(てい)京(きょう)科(か)学(がく)大(だい)学(がく)
Teikyō Kagaku Daigaku
Teikyo University of Science
a field of study

Usage notes

Sometimes pronounced as しな学 (shinagaku) in order to differentiate from the homophone and phonetically identical 化学 (kagaku, “chemistry”). (Can we verify⁽⁺⁾ this sense?)

Derived terms

科(か)学(がく)衛星(えいせい) (kagaku eisei)
科(か)学(がく)革命(かくめい) (kagaku kakumei)
科(か)学(がく)技(ぎ)術(じゅつ) (kagaku gijutsu)
科(か)学(がく)教育(きょういく) (kagaku kyōiku)
科(か)学(がく)警察(けいさつ)研究(けんきゅう)所(しょ) (Kagaku Keisatsu Kenkyū-sho)
科(か)学(がく)研究(けんきゅう)費(ひ)補助金(ほじょきん) (kagaku kenkyūhi hojokin)
科(か)学(がく)史(し) (kagakushi)
科(か)学(がく)者(しゃ) (kagakusha)
科(か)学(がく)小説(しょうせつ) (kagaku shōsetsu, “science fiction”)
科(か)学(がく)的(てき) (kagaku-teki, “scientific”)
科(か)学(がく)博物館(はくぶつかん) (kagaku hakubutsukan)
科(か)学(がく)戦(せん) (kagaku-sen)
科(か)学(がく)捜査(そうさ) (kagaku sōsa)
科(か)学(がく)哲学(てつがく) (kagaku tetsugaku)
科(か)学(がく)万能(ばんのう) (kagaku bannō)
科(か)学(がく)批判(ひはん) (kagaku hihan)
科(か)学(がく)兵器(へいき) (kagaku heiki)
核融合(かくゆうごう)科(か)学(がく) (kakuyūgō kagaku)
疑似(ぎじ)科(か)学(がく) (giji kagaku)
記(き)述(じゅつ)的(てき)科(か)学(がく) (kijutsu-teki kagaku)
教育(きょういく)科(か)学(がく) (kyōiku kagaku)
巨大(きょだい)科(か)学(がく) (kyodai kagaku, “Big Science”)
近代(きんだい)科(か)学(がく) (kindai kagaku)
経験(けいけん)科(か)学(がく) (keiken kagaku)
計算機(けいさんき)科(か)学(がく) (keisanki kagaku)
行動(こうどう)科(か)学(がく) (kōdō kagaku)
材料(ざいりょう)科(か)学(がく) (zairyō kagaku)
実験(じっけん)科(か)学(がく) (jikken kagaku)
自然(しぜん)科(か)学(がく) (shizen kagaku)
社会(しゃかい)科(か)学(がく) (shakai kagaku)
首席(しゅせき)科(か)学(がく)顧問(こもん) (shuseki kagaku komon)
情報(じょうほう)科(か)学(がく) (jōhō kagaku)
人文(じんぶん)科(か)学(がく) (jinbun kagaku)
森林(しんりん)科(か)学(がく) (shinrin kagaku)
スポーツ科(か)学(がく) (supōtsu kagaku)
性(せい)科(か)学(がく) (seikagaku)
政策(せいさく)科(か)学(がく) (seisaku kagaku)
精神(せいしん)科(か)学(がく) (seishin kagaku)
生体(せいたい)模倣(もほう)科(か)学(がく) (seitai mohō kagaku, “biometrics”)
精密(せいみつ)科(か)学(がく) (seimitsu kagaku)
生命(せいめい)科(か)学(がく) (seimei kagaku)
説(せつ)明(めい)的(てき)科(か)学(がく) (setsumei-teki kagaku)
全米(ぜんべい)科(か)学(がく)財団(ざいだん) (Zenbei Kagaku Zaidan)
大気(たいき)科(か)学(がく) (taiki kagaku)
地球(ちきゅう)科(か)学(がく) (chikyū kagaku)
統一(とういつ)科(か)学(がく) (tōitsu kagaku)
道徳(どうとく)科(か)学(がく) (dōtoku kagaku)
南極(なんきょく)研究(けんきゅう)科(か)学(がく)委(い)員会(いんかい) (Nankyoku Kenkyū Kagaku Īnkai)
日本(にほん)老年(ろうねん)社会(しゃかい)科(か)学会(がっかい) (Nihon Rōnen Shakai Kagakkai)
人間(にんげん)科(か)学(がく) (ningen kagaku)
認知(にんち)科(か)学(がく) (ninchi kagaku)
脳(のう)科(か)学(がく) (nōkagaku)
物質(ぶっしつ)構造(こうぞう)科(か)学(がく)研究(けんきゅう)所(しょ) (Busshitsu Kōzō Kagaku Kenkyū-sho)
文化(ぶんか)科(か)学(がく) (bunka kagaku)
分子(ぶんし)科(か)学(がく)研究(けんきゅう)所(じょ) (Bunshi Kagaku Kenkyū-jo)
米国(べいこく)科(か)学(がく)振興(しんこう)協会(きょうかい) (Beikoku Kagaku Shinkō Kyōkai)
弁護(べんご)科(か)学(がく) (bengo kagaku), 弁護(べんご)的(てき)科(か)学(がく) (bengo-teki kagaku)
法則(ほうそく)科(か)学(がく) (hōsoku kagaku)
文部(もんぶ)科(か)学(がく)省(しょう) (Monbu-kagaku-shō)
歴(れき)史(し)科(か)学(がく) (rekishi kagaku)
労働(ろうどう)科(か)学(がく) (rōdō kagaku)

References

^ “科学”, in 日本大百科全書：ニッポニカ (Nippon Dai Hyakka Zensho: Nipponica, “Encyclopedia Nipponica”)‎^[1] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 1984
^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (1995), 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN
^ “科学”, in 改訂新版世界大百科事典 (Kaitei Shinpan Sekai Dai-hyakka Jiten, “Heibonsha World Encyclopedia Revised Edition”)‎^[2] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Heibonsha, 2007, →ISBN
↑ ^5.0 ^5.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
^ “科学”, in ブリタニカ国際大百科事典小項目事典 (Buritanika Kokusai Dai Hyakka Jiten: Shō Kōmoku Jiten, “Encyclopædia Britannica International: Micropædia”)‎^[3] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Britannica Japan Co., Ltd., 2014
^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[1] “科学”, in 日本大百科全書：ニッポニカ (Nippon Dai Hyakka Zensho: Nipponica, “Encyclopedia Nipponica”)‎^[1] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 1984

[2] Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN

[3] Matsumura, Akira, editor (1995), 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN

[4] “科学”, in 改訂新版世界大百科事典 (Kaitei Shinpan Sekai Dai-hyakka Jiten, “Heibonsha World Encyclopedia Revised Edition”)‎^[2] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Heibonsha, 2007, →ISBN

[DJR-5] 5.0 ^5.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[6] “科学”, in ブリタニカ国際大百科事典小項目事典 (Buritanika Kokusai Dai Hyakka Jiten: Shō Kōmoku Jiten, “Encyclopædia Britannica International: Micropædia”)‎^[3] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Britannica Japan Co., Ltd., 2014

[NHK-7] NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

[SMK5-8] Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

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