膏藥

See also: 膏薬 and 膏药

Chinese

	ointment; paste	medicine; drug; cure
trad. (膏藥)	膏	藥
simp. (膏药)	膏	药
anagram	藥膏／药膏

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): gāoyào

(Zhuyin): ㄍㄠㄧㄠˋ

(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): gao¹ yuo²
Cantonese (Jyutping): gou¹ joek⁶
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kâu-yo̍k / kò-yo̍k
Jin (Wiktionary): gau¹ ieh⁴
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): ko-io̍h / ko͘-io̍h

(Teochew, Peng'im): go¹ iêh⁸ / go¹ ioh⁸

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)
  - Hanyu Pinyin: gāoyào → gāoyao (toneless final syllable variant)
  - Zhuyin: ㄍㄠㄧㄠˋ → ㄍㄠ ˙ㄧㄠ (toneless final syllable variant)
  - Tongyong Pinyin: gaoyåo
  - Wade–Giles: kao¹-yao⁵
  - Yale: gāu-yau
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gau.yaw
  - Palladius: гаояо (gaojao)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ jɑʊ̯⁵¹/ → /kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ jɑʊ̯²/
  - Homophones:
    [Show/Hide]
    ^edit
    ^edit
    膏藥 / 膏药
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: gao¹ yuo²
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: gaojuo
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kau⁵⁵ yo²¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: gou¹ joek⁶
  - Yale: gōu yeuhk
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gou¹ joek⁹
  - Guangdong Romanization: gou¹ yêg⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kou̯⁵⁵ jœːk̚²/
Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kâu-yo̍k / kò-yo̍k
  - Hakka Romanization System: gau^ˊ iog / go^ˇ iog
  - Hagfa Pinyim: gau¹ yog⁶ / go² yog⁶
  - Sinological IPA: /kau̯²⁴⁻¹¹ i̯ok̚⁵/, /ko¹¹ i̯ok̚⁵/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kâu-yo̍k / kò-yo̍k
  - Hakka Romanization System: gau^ˊ (r)iog / go^ˇ (r)iog
  - Hagfa Pinyim: gau¹ yog⁶ / go² yog⁶
  - Sinological IPA: /kau̯²⁴⁻¹¹ (j)i̯ok̚⁵/, /ko¹¹ (j)i̯ok̚⁵/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: gau¹ ieh⁴
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /kau¹¹ iəʔ²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, variant in Taiwan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ko-io̍h
  - Tâi-lô: ko-io̍h
  - Phofsit Daibuun: koi'ioih
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /ko³³ ioʔ²⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei): /ko⁴⁴⁻³³ ioʔ⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /ko⁴⁴⁻²² ioʔ¹²¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen): /ko⁴⁴⁻²² ioʔ⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kɤ⁴⁴⁻³³ iɤʔ⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese, Singapore)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ko͘-io̍h
  - Tâi-lô: koo-io̍h
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ko'ioih
  - IPA (Xiamen): /kɔ⁴⁴⁻²² ioʔ⁴/
  - IPA (Singapore): /kɔ⁴⁴⁻²² ioʔ⁴³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /kɔ⁴⁴⁻²² ioʔ¹²¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /kɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ ioʔ⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ iɤʔ⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: go¹ iêh⁸ / go¹ ioh⁸
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ko ie̍h / ko io̍h
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ko³³⁻²³ ieʔ⁴/, /ko³³⁻²³ ioʔ⁴/

Noun

膏藥

(traditional Chinese medicine) herbal plaster; medicated patch; poultice

Derived terms

拍拳賣膏藥 / 拍拳卖膏药

Descendants

→ Khmer: កៅយក់ (kawyŭək)
→ Malay: koyok
- Indonesian: koyok (“medicated patch”)
- → English: koyok (“quack medicine”)
→ Tagalog: koyo
→ Thai: กอเอี๊ยะ

References

“膏藥”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2025.

Japanese

Kanji in this term
膏	藥
こう Jinmeiyō	やく Jinmeiyō
on'yomi

Kanji in this term
膏	藥
あぶら Jinmeiyō	くすり > ぐすり Jinmeiyō
kun'yomi

Kanji in this term
膏	藥
とう Jinmeiyō	やく Jinmeiyō
irregular	on'yomi

For pronunciation and definitions of 膏藥 – see the following entry.

【膏薬こうやく】	[noun] [from 1005-1007] plaster; ointment; salve
【膏薬あぶらぐすり】	[noun] [from 1820-1849] (dated) synonym of 膏薬 (kōyaku) Alternative spelling 脂薬
【膏薬とうやく】	[noun] [from 1010] (obsolete) synonym of 膏薬 (kōyaku)

(This term, 膏藥, is the kyūjitai of the above term.)

Korean

Hanja in this term
膏	藥

Noun

膏藥 • (goyak) (hangeul 고약)

hanja form^? of 고약