自閉症

See also: 自闭症

Chinese

		to exclude oneself from others; to isolate oneself from society	disease; illness; indication or sign of disease
trad. (自閉症)		自閉	症
simp. (自闭症)		自闭	症
Literally: “self-exclusion disease”.

Etymology

Wasei kango (和製漢語), orthographically borrowed from Japanese 自(じ)閉(へい)症(しょう) (jiheishō); used in Hong Kong and Taiwan since the 1970s, and in Mainland China since the late 1980s (Yu, 2017). In Mainland China, first attested in 1983.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): zìbìzhèng

(Zhuyin): ㄗˋ ㄅㄧˋ ㄓㄥˋ
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): zi⁶ bai³ zing³

(Taishan, Wiktionary): du⁵ bai¹ zen¹
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chhṳ-pi-chṳn
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): chū-pì-chèng

(Teochew, Peng'im): ze⁶ bi⁶ zêng³

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: zìbìzhèng
  - Zhuyin: ㄗˋ ㄅㄧˋ ㄓㄥˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: zìhbìjhèng
  - Wade–Giles: tzŭ⁴-pi⁴-chêng⁴
  - Yale: dz̀-bì-jèng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzyhbihjenq
  - Palladius: цзыбичжэн (czybičžɛn)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sz̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ pi⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: zi⁶ bai³ zing³
  - Yale: jih bai jing
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzi⁶ bai³ dzing³
  - Guangdong Romanization: ji⁶ bei³ jing³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡siː²² pɐi̯³³ t͡sɪŋ³³/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: du⁵ bai¹ zen¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tu³² pai³³ t͡sen³³/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhṳ-pi-chṳn
  - Hakka Romanization System: cii bi ziin
  - Hagfa Pinyim: ci⁴ bi⁴ zin⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰɨ⁵⁵ pi⁵⁵ t͡sɨn⁵⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chū-pì-chèng
  - Tâi-lô: tsū-pì-tsìng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zuxpiezexng
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡su³³⁻²¹ pi²¹⁻⁴¹ t͡siɪŋ²¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /t͡su³³⁻¹¹ pi¹¹⁻⁵³ t͡siɪŋ¹¹/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: ze⁶ bi⁶ zêng³
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsṳ̆ pĭ tsèng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɯ³⁵⁻¹¹ pi³⁵⁻¹¹ t͡seŋ²¹³/

Noun

自閉症

(proscribed in Mainland China) autism (neurological disorder) [from 1970s]
- 據臺《中國時報》8月8日該報記者專訪報道，[…]有人懷疑洪通患了「自閉症」。 [MSC, trad.]
  据台《中国时报》8月8日该报记者专访报道，[…]有人怀疑洪通患了「自闭症」。 [MSC, simp.]
  From: 1983 September 25, 《画家洪通贫病交迫》, in People's Daily, →ISSN
  Jù Tái “Zhōngguó Shíbào” 8 yuè 8 rì gāi bào jìzhě zhuānfǎng bàodào, […] yǒurén huáiyí Hóng Tōng huàn le “zìbìzhèng”. [Pinyin]
  According to Taiwan's China Times on August 8, one of their reporters interviewed him, reporting that […] some suspect that Hung Tung now has "autism".
- 雷蒙德（達斯廷·霍夫曼扮演）是個自閉症患者，「雨中人」是他童年時代的綽號。 [MSC, trad.]
  雷蒙德（达斯廷·霍夫曼扮演）是个自闭症患者，「雨中人」是他童年时代的绰号。 [MSC, simp.]
  From: 1989 March 17, 《〈雨中人〉——影评界的宠儿》, in People's Daily, →ISSN
  Léiméngdé (Dásītíng Huòfūmàn bànyǎn) shì ge zìbìzhèng huànzhě, “yǔ zhōng rén” shì tā tóngnián shídài de chuòhào. [Pinyin]
  Raymond (played by Dustin Hoffman) is afflicted with autism, and "Rain Man" is his childhood nickname.

Usage notes

Proscribed by the China Disabled Persons' Federation, a Government-organized non-governmental organization in Mainland China.^[1]

Synonyms

孤獨症／孤独症 (gūdúzhèng)

Derived terms

自閉症譜系障礙 / 自闭症谱系障碍 (zìbìzhèng pǔxì zhàng'ài)

References

^ “关于宣传报道中残疾人及残疾人工作有关称谓的通知”, in China Disabled Persons' Federation‎^[1], 2022: “称“孤独症”，不用“自闭症””

“自閉症”, in Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–2022.

Japanese

Kanji in this term
自	閉	症
じ Grade: 2	へい Grade: 6	しょう Grade: S
on'yomi

Etymology

Compound of 自閉(じへい) (jihei, “social withdrawal”) + 症(しょう) (shō, “condition”).

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) じへーしょー [jìhééshóó] (Heiban – [0])^[1]^[2]^[3]
(Tokyo) じへーしょー [jìhéꜜèshòò] (Nakadaka – [2])^[3]^[4]
IPA^(key): [d͡ʑihe̞ːɕo̞ː]

Noun

自(じ)閉(へい)症(しょう) • (jiheishō)

autism (neurological disorder)

Descendants

→ Chinese: 自閉症／自闭症 (zìbìzhèng)
→ Korean: 자폐증 (自閉症, japyejeung)

References

^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (1995), 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN
^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja in this term
自	閉	症

Noun

自閉症 • (japyejeung) (hangeul 자폐증)

hanja form^? of 자폐증 (“autism”)