般涅槃

Chinese

phonetic
trad. (般涅槃)
simp. #(般涅槃)
alternative forms 般泥洹

Etymology

From Sanskrit परिनिर्वाण (parinirvāṇa, past participle), transcribed in Huilin's Yiqiejing Yinyi (Book XXI) as 般利涅盤那 (Middle Chinese /*pʷɑ(n) liH net̚ bʷɑn nɑ/), and the declension forms Sanskrit परिनिर्वाणम् n sg (parinirvāṇam) or Pali parinibbānaṃ n sg transcribed in the Liao-era Buddhist glossary 《續一切經音義》 (Addenda to the Yiqiejing Yinyi, Book X) as 波利儞嚩南 (/*puɑ liHXX nəm/). The form has also been used to translate related verbs. See 涅槃 (nièpán).

Pronunciation



Rime
Character
Reading # 1/3 2/3 3/3 1/1 1/1
Initial () (3) (1) (1) (8) (3)
Final () (62) (62) (69) (87) (62)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Level (Ø) Level (Ø) Checked (Ø) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed Closed Open Open Closed
Division () I I II IV I
Fanqie
Baxter ban pan paen net ban
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/buɑn/ /puɑn/ /pˠan/ /net̚/ /buɑn/
Pan
Wuyun
/bʷɑn/ /pʷɑn/ /pᵚan/ /net̚/ /bʷɑn/
Shao
Rongfen
/buɑn/ /puɑn/ /pɐn/ /nɛt̚/ /buɑn/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/bwan/ /pwan/ /paɨn/ /nɛt̚/ /bwan/
Li
Rong
/buɑn/ /puɑn/ /pan/ /net̚/ /buɑn/
Wang
Li
/buɑn/ /puɑn/ /pan/ /niet̚/ /buɑn/
Bernhard
Karlgren
/bʱuɑn/ /puɑn/ /pan/ /niet̚/ /bʱuɑn/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
pán bān bān niè pán
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
pun4 bun1 baan1 nit6 pun4

Noun

般涅槃

  1. (Buddhism) parinirvana

Verb

般涅槃

  1. (Buddhism) to attain parinirvana; to become fully extinguished

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (般涅槃):
  • Japanese: (はつ)()(はん) (hatsunehan)
  • Korean: 반열반(般涅槃) (banyeolban)
  • Vietnamese: bát niết bàn (般涅槃)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
はつ
Grade: S

Hyōgai
はん
Hyōgai
kan'yōon kan'on

Etymology

Ultimately from Middle Chinese 般涅槃 (MC paen net ban), itself a transliteration of Sanskrit परिनिर्वाण (parinirvāṇa)[1][2] or Pali parinibbāna.

First cited in roughly 1120.[1]

Noun

(はつ)()(はん) • (hatsunehan

  1. [from 1120] (Buddhism) parinirvana

Derived terms

  • (だい)(はつ)()(はん)(ぎょう) (Dai Hatsunehan-gyō, Great Nirvana Sutra)

See also

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 般涅槃”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
  2. ^ Shinmura, Izuru, editor (1998), 広辞苑 [Kōjien] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Iwanami Shoten, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja in this term

Noun

般涅槃 • (banyeolban) (hangeul 반열반)

  1. hanja form? of 반열반 (parinirvana)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term

Noun

般涅槃

  1. chữ Hán form of bát niết bàn (parinirvana)