苒荏

Chinese

		luxuriant growth; passing (of time)	Perilla frutescens; soft
trad. (苒荏)		苒	荏
simp. ^#(苒荏)		苒	荏
anagram		荏苒

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): rǎnrěn

(Zhuyin): ㄖㄢˇ ㄖㄣˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): jim⁵ jam⁵

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: rǎnrěn [Phonetic: ránrěn]
  - Zhuyin: ㄖㄢˇ ㄖㄣˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: rǎnrěn
  - Wade–Giles: jan³-jên³
  - Yale: rǎn-rěn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: raanreen
  - Palladius: жаньжэнь (žanʹžɛnʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʐän²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ʐən²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: jim⁵ jam⁵
  - Yale: yíhm yáhm
  - Cantonese Pinyin: jim⁵ jam⁵
  - Guangdong Romanization: yim⁵ yem⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jiːm¹³ jɐm¹³/

Middle Chinese: nyemX nyimX

Rime
Character	苒	荏
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	日 (38)	日 (38)
Final (韻)	鹽 (153)	侵 (139)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	而琰切	如甚切
Baxter	nyemX	nyimX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ȵiᴇm^X/	/ȵiɪm^X/
Pan Wuyun	/ȵiɛm^X/	/ȵim^X/
Shao Rongfen	/ȵʑjæm^X/	/ȵʑjem^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ȵiam^X/	/ȵim^X/
Li Rong	/ȵiɛm^X/	/ȵiəm^X/
Wang Li	/ȵʑĭɛm^X/	/ȵʑĭĕm^X/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ȵʑi̯ɛm^X/	/ȵʑi̯əm^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	rǎn	rěn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jim⁵	jam⁵

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*njamʔ njɯmʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	荏
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	rěn
Middle Chinese	‹ nyim^X ›
Old Chinese	/n[ə]mʔ/ (< num?)
English	a kind of big beans
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	苒	荏
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	10785	10814
Phonetic component	冉	壬
Rime group	談	侵
Rime subdivision	1	1
Corresponding MC rime	冉	荏
Old Chinese	/*njamʔ/	/*njɯmʔ/

Verb

苒荏

(literary) synonym of 荏苒 (rěnrǎn, “(of time) to pass gradually”)