謙讓

See also: 谦让 and 謙譲

Chinese

		modest	to ask; to let; permit to ask; to let; permit; have (someone do something); to yield; to allow
trad. (謙讓)		謙	讓
simp. (谦让)		谦	让

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): qiānràng

(Zhuyin): ㄑㄧㄢㄖㄤˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): him¹ joeng⁶
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): khiam-niū / khiam-niō͘ / khiam-jiōng

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: qiānràng
  - Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄢㄖㄤˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: cianràng
  - Wade–Giles: chʻien¹-jang⁴
  - Yale: chyān-ràng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chianranq
  - Palladius: цяньжан (cjanʹžan)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ʐɑŋ⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: him¹ joeng⁶
  - Yale: hīm yeuhng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: him¹ joeng⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: him¹ yêng⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hiːm⁵⁵ jœːŋ²²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khiam-niū
  - Tâi-lô: khiam-niū
  - Phofsit Daibuun: qiamniu
  - IPA (Xiamen): /kʰiam⁴⁴⁻²² niũ²²/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰiam³³ niũ⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khiam-niō͘
  - Tâi-lô: khiam-niōo
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰiam⁴⁴⁻²² niɔ̃²²/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khiam-jiōng
  - Tâi-lô: khiam-jiōng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: qiamjiong
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰiam⁴⁴⁻³³ ziɔŋ³³/

Middle Chinese: khem nyangH

Rime
Character	謙	讓
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	溪 (29)	日 (38)
Final (韻)	添 (157)	陽 (105)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	IV	III
Fanqie	苦兼切	人樣切
Baxter	khem	nyangH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kʰem/	/ȵɨɐŋ^H/
Pan Wuyun	/kʰem/	/ȵiɐŋ^H/
Shao Rongfen	/kʰɛm/	/ȵʑiɑŋ^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kʰɛm/	/ȵɨaŋ^H/
Li Rong	/kʰem/	/ȵiaŋ^H/
Wang Li	/kʰiem/	/ȵʑĭaŋ^H/
Bernhard Karlgren	/kʰiem/	/ȵʑi̯aŋ^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	qiān	ràng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	him¹	joeng⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*k-r̥ˤem naŋ-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*kʰeːm njaŋs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	謙	讓
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	qiān	ràng
Middle Chinese	‹ khem ›	‹ nyang^H ›
Old Chinese	/*k-r̥ˁem/	/*naŋ-s/
English	modest	yield
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	謙	讓
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	6070	13649
Phonetic component	兼	襄
Rime group	談	陽
Rime subdivision	2	0
Corresponding MC rime	謙	讓
Old Chinese	/*kʰeːm/	/*njaŋs/

Verb

謙讓

to modestly decline

Synonyms

婉拒 (wǎnjù)
婉辭 / 婉辞 (wǎncí)
客氣 / 客气
推免 (tuīmiǎn) (literary)
推卻 / 推却 (tuīquè)
推絕 / 推绝 (tuījué)
推謝 / 推谢 (tuīxiè)
推辭 / 推辞 (tuīcí)
禮讓 / 礼让 (lǐràng)
謝絕 / 谢绝 (xièjué)
辭讓 / 辞让 (círàng)
退讓 / 退让 (tuìràng)

Adjective

謙讓

humble; modest; unassuming

Synonyms

徛裡 / 徛里 (kiê-*diē) (Eastern Min)
自謙 / 自谦 (zìqiān)
虛心 / 虚心 (xūxīn)
課謙 / 课谦 (Hokkien)
謙卑 / 谦卑 (qiānbēi)
謙抑 / 谦抑 (qiānyì) (literary)
謙沖 / 谦冲 (qiānchōng) (literary)
謙虛 / 谦虚 (qiānxū)
謙遜 / 谦逊 (qiānxùn)
顧謙 / 顾谦 (Hokkien)

Antonyms

驕傲／骄傲 (jiāo'ào)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (謙讓):

→ Japanese: 謙(けん)譲(じょう) (kenjō)
→ Korean: 겸양(謙讓) (gyeomyang)
→ Vietnamese: khiêm nhường (謙讓)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
謙	讓
けん Grade: S	じょう Jinmeiyō
on'yomi	kan'on

For pronunciation and definitions of 謙讓 – see the following entry.

【謙譲けんじょう】

[adjective] modest, humble

[noun] modesty, humility

[verb] to humble

(This term, 謙讓, is the kyūjitai of the above term.)

Korean

Hanja in this term
謙	讓

Noun

謙讓 • (gyeomyang) (hangeul 겸양)

hanja form^? of 겸양