象棋

Chinese

shape; form; appearance
shape; form; appearance; elephant; image under a map (maths)
 
 any chess-like game or game requiring strategy
trad. (象棋) 象 棋
simp. #(象棋) 象 棋
Literally: “elephant chess”.

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.) 象 (xiàng) may mean "symbol" or "elephant".[1]

Pronunciation

Note: cion6 gi5 - Shantou.
  • Wu
    • (Northern: Shanghai)
      • Wugniu: 6zhian-ji
      • MiniDict: zhian去 ji
      • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): 3xxian-jji
      • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ʑiã²² d͡ʑi⁴⁴/
  • Xiang
    • (Changsha)
      • Wiktionary: sian4 qi2
      • Sinological IPA (key) (old-style): /si̯æn⁴⁵ t͡ɕʰi¹³/
      • Sinological IPA (key) (new-style): /ɕi̯æn⁴⁵ t͡ɕʰi¹³/
Rime
Character 象 棋
Reading # 1/1 1/1
Initial (聲) 邪 (17) 群 (30)
Final (韻) 陽 (105) 之 (19)
Tone (調) Rising (X) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division (等) III III
Fanqie 徐兩切 渠之切
Baxter zjangX gi
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/zɨɐŋX/ /ɡɨ/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ziɐŋX/ /ɡɨ/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ziɑŋX/ /ɡie/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/zɨaŋX/ /gɨ/
Li
Rong 		/ziaŋX/ /ɡiə/
Wang
Li 		/zĭaŋX/ /ɡĭə/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/zi̯aŋX/ /gi/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		xiàng qí
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		zoeng6 kei4
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 象 棋
Reading # 1/1 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		xiàng qí
Middle
Chinese 		‹ zjangX › ‹ gi ›
Old
Chinese 		/*s-[d]aŋʔ/ /*[ɡ](r)ə/
English elephant chess, board game

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 象 棋
Reading # 1/1 1/1
No. 13664 9946
Phonetic
component 		象 其
Rime
group 		陽 之
Rime
subdivision 		0 0
Corresponding
MC rime 		像 其
Old
Chinese 		/*ljaŋʔ/ /*ɡɯ/
Notes 木根，又棊注通作棋

Noun

象棋

  1. xiangqi; Chinese chess
  2. xiangqi piece; Chinese chess piece
  3. (rare or in compounds) chess games developed from chaturanga
    中國象棋／中国象棋  ―  zhōngguóxiàngqí  ―  xiangqi; Chinese chess (to distinguish it from other chess games)
    國際象棋／国际象棋  ―  guójìxiàngqí  ―  chess; international chess
  4. (colloquial) alternative form of 將棋 / 将棋 (jiàngqí)

Synonyms

  • (xiangqi; Chinese chess):
Dialectal synonyms of 象棋 (“Chinese chess”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 象棋, 中國象棋
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 象棋
Taiwan 象棋
Chifeng 象棋
Hulunbuir (Hailar) 象棋
Harbin 象棋
Shenyang 象棋
Singapore 象棋
Jilu Mandarin Tianjin 象棋
Tangshan 象棋
Cangzhou 象棋
Baoding 象棋
Shijiazhuang 象棋
Jinan 象棋
Jiaoliao Mandarin Yantai (Muping) 象棋
Qingdao 象棋
Central Plains Mandarin Luoyang 象棋
Wanrong 象棋
Zhengzhou 象棋
Xi'an 象棋
Xining 象棋
Xuzhou 象棋
Lanyin Mandarin Yinchuan 象棋
Lanzhou 象棋
Ürümqi 象棋
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 象棋
Chongqing 象棋
Wuhan 象棋
Guiyang 象棋
Kunming 象棋
Guilin 象棋
Liuzhou 象棋
Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 象棋
Yangzhou 象棋
Nantong 象棋
Hefei 象棋
Cantonese Guangzhou 象棋
Hong Kong 象棋, 中國象棋
Taishan 象棋
Dongguan 象棋
Gan Nanchang 象棋
Lichuan 象棋
Pingxiang 象棋
Hakka Meixian 象棋
Yudu 象棋
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 象棋
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 象棋
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 象棋
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 象棋
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 象棋
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 象棋
Huizhou Jixi 象棋
Shexian 象棋
Jin Taiyuan 象棋
Xinzhou 象棋
Linhe 象棋
Jining 象棋
Hohhot 象棋
Zhangjiakou 象棋
Handan 象棋
Northern Min Jian'ou 象棋
Eastern Min Fuzhou 象棋
Southern Min Xiamen 象棋
Quanzhou 象棋
Zhangzhou 象棋
Penang (Hokkien) 唐儂棋
Singapore (Hokkien) 唐儂棋
Shantou 象棋
Singapore (Teochew) 唐儂棋
Haikou 象棋
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 象棋
Wu Shanghai 象棋
Shanghai (Chongming) 象棋
Suzhou 象棋
Danyang 象棋
Hangzhou 象棋
Ningbo 象棋
Wenzhou 象棋
Jinhua 象棋
Xiang Changsha 象棋
Loudi 象棋

Derived terms

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (象棋):
  • → Japanese: 象棋(シャンチー) (shanchī)
  • → Okinawan: 象棋(ちゅんじー) (chunjī)
  • → English: xiangqi
  • → Mongolian: шянчи (šjanči)
  • Sylheti: ꠌꠦꠋꠇꠤ (seṅki)
  • → Zhuang: geizciengh (calque)

    • References

    1. ^ Lưu Đức Hải (24 January 2014) “Sự khác biệt giữa cờ Tướng Việt Nam và Tượng kỳ Trung Hoa”, in Vietnamchess‎[1] (in Vietnamese): “Cũng môn cờ đó ở Trung Hoa từ xa xưa người ta gọi môn cờ này là "Tượng kỳ" theo nghĩa chữ Hán là cờ hình tượng (không phải vì có quân Tượng trên bàn cờ).”

    Japanese

    Etymology 1

    Kanji in this term
    象 棋
    しょう
    Grade: 5     		き > ぎ
    Grade: S
    on'yomi
    For pronunciation and definitions of 象棋 – see the following entry.
    【将棋しょうぎ】
    [noun] shogi (Japanese chess)
    [noun] any of several shogi variants that are (or have been) played in Japan and elsewhere
    [noun] xiangqi, Chinese chess
    [noun] any other chess variant, such as Western chess, chaturanga, janggi (Korean chess), shatranj, makruk, etc.
    Alternative spelling
    象戯
    (This term, 象棋, is an alternative spelling (obsolete) of the above term.)

    Etymology 2

    Kanji in this term
    象 棋
    シャン
    Grade: 5     		チー
    Grade: S
    irregular
    For pronunciation and definitions of 象棋 – see the following entry.
    【シャンチー】
    [noun] (board games) xiangqi, Chinese chess
    (This term, 象棋, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)
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