赤字

Chinese

		red; scarlet; bare red; scarlet; bare; naked	letter; symbol; character letter; symbol; character; word
simp. and trad. (赤字)		赤	字
Literally: “red character”.

Etymology

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 赤字(あかじ) (akaji).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): chìzì

(Zhuyin): ㄔˋ ㄗˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): cek³ zi⁶ / cik³ zi⁶
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): chhiah-lī / chhiah-jī

(Teochew, Peng'im): ciah⁴ ri⁷

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: chìzì
  - Zhuyin: ㄔˋ ㄗˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: chìhzìh
  - Wade–Giles: chʻih⁴-tzŭ⁴
  - Yale: chr̀-dz̀
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chyhtzyh
  - Palladius: чицзы (čiczy)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡sz̩⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: cek³ zi⁶ / cik³ zi⁶
  - Yale: chek jih / chik jih
  - Cantonese Pinyin: tsek⁸ dzi⁶ / tsik⁸ dzi⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: cég³ ji⁶ / qig³ ji⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰɛːk̚³ t͡siː²²/, /t͡sʰɪk̚³ t͡siː²²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Taipei, Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhiah-lī
  - Tâi-lô: tshiah-lī
  - Phofsit Daibuun: chiahli
  - IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sʰia(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ li²²/
  - IPA (Taipei): /t͡sʰia(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ li³³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰia(ʔ)⁵ li⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: Kaohsiung, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhiah-jī
  - Tâi-lô: tshiah-jī
  - Phofsit Daibuun: chiahji
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰia(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ d͡zi²²/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰia(ʔ)³²⁻⁴¹ zi³³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: ciah⁴ ri⁷
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tshiah jī
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰiaʔ²⁻⁴ d͡zi¹¹/

Noun

赤字

(economics, government) deficit

Derived terms

財政赤字 / 财政赤字 (cáizhèng chìzì)
貿易赤字 / 贸易赤字 (màoyì chìzì)
赤字財政 / 赤字财政
赤字預算 / 赤字预算
金融赤字
預算赤字 / 预算赤字 (yùsuàn chìzì)

See also

黑字 (hēizì, “surplus”)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
赤	字
あか Grade: 1	じ Grade: 1
yutōyomi

Etymology

From 赤(あか) (aka, “red”) + 字(じ) (ji, “characters”). The “deficit” sense, attested since the Taishō period, relates to the tradition of indicating negative sums in a ledger with red ink.^[1] Compare English in the red.

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) あかじ [àkájí] (Heiban – [0])^[2]
IPA^(key): [a̠ka̠ʑi]

Noun

赤(あか)字(じ) • (akaji)

(literal) characters written in red
- 1892, “Erizabesu jidai bungaku ryūsei no gen'in [Causes of the rise of literature in the Elizabethan era]”, in Girishia Roma bungakushi, page 44:
  
  此(これ)聖(せい)書(しょ)赤(あか)字(じ)ヲ似(に)テ印(いん)行(こう)セリ故(ゆえ)ニ斯(し)ク言(い)フナリ
  Kore Seisho akaji o nite inkō seri yueni shiku ifunari
  In the Bible this print in red letters shows what He said
(business) red ink, deficit, in the red
corrections (by a teacher or proofreader) written in red

Antonyms

(antonym(s) of “deficit”): 黒(くろ)字(じ) (kuroji)

Derived terms

赤(あか)字(じ)国(こく)債(さい) (akaji kokusai, “deficit-covering (government) bond”)
赤(あか)字(じ)財(ざい)政(せい) (akaji zaisei, “deficit financing”)

References

^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja in this term
赤	字

Noun

赤字 • (jeokja) (hangeul 적자)

hanja form^? of 적자 (“deficit”)