逆流
Chinese
contrary; opposite; backwards contrary; opposite; backwards; to go against; to oppose; to betray; to rebel |
to flow; to spread; to circulate to flow; to spread; to circulate; to move | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (逆流) | 逆 | 流 | |
| simp. #(逆流) | 逆 | 流 | |
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): jik6 lau4
- Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): gia̍k-liû / ge̍k-liû / ge̍k-lâu
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: nìliú
- Zhuyin: ㄋㄧˋ ㄌㄧㄡˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: nìlióu
- Wade–Giles: ni4-liu2
- Yale: nì-lyóu
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: nihliou
- Palladius: нилю (nilju)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ni⁵¹ li̯oʊ̯³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: jik6 lau4
- Yale: yihk làuh
- Cantonese Pinyin: jik9 lau4
- Guangdong Romanization: yig6 leo4
- Sinological IPA (key): /jɪk̚² lɐu̯²¹/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gia̍k-liû
- Tâi-lô: gia̍k-liû
- Phofsit Daibuun: giagliuu
- IPA (Quanzhou): /ɡiak̚²⁴⁻² liu²⁴/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ge̍k-liû
- Tâi-lô: gi̍k-liû
- Phofsit Daibuun: gegliuu
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɡiɪk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ liu¹³/
- IPA (Taipei, Xiamen): /ɡiɪk̚⁴⁻³² liu²⁴/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /ɡiɪk̚⁴⁻³² liu²³/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ge̍k-lâu
- Tâi-lô: gi̍k-lâu
- Phofsit Daibuun: geglaau
- IPA (Taipei): /ɡiɪk̚⁴⁻³² lau²⁴/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /ɡiɪk̚⁴⁻³² lau²³/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
Verb
逆流
Synonyms
Noun
逆流
- countercurrent
- (figurative) reactionary tendency; minority viewpoint or movement
Japanese
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 逆 | 流 |
| ぎゃく Grade: 5 |
りゅう Grade: 3 |
| on'yomi | |
Noun
逆流 • (gyakuryū)
Verb
逆流する • (gyakuryū suru) intransitive suru (stem 逆流し (gyakuryū shi), past 逆流した (gyakuryū shita))
- flow back, regurgitate, back up, counterflow
Conjugation
Conjugation of "逆流する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)
| Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 逆流し | ぎゃくりゅうし | gyakuryū shi | |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 逆流し | ぎゃくりゅうし | gyakuryū shi | |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 逆流する | ぎゃくりゅうする | gyakuryū suru | |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 逆流する | ぎゃくりゅうする | gyakuryū suru | |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 逆流すれ | ぎゃくりゅうすれ | gyakuryū sure | |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 逆流せよ¹ 逆流しろ² |
ぎゃくりゅうせよ¹ ぎゃくりゅうしろ² |
gyakuryū seyo¹ gyakuryū shiro² | |
| Key constructions | ||||
| Passive | 逆流される | ぎゃくりゅうされる | gyakuryū sareru | |
| Causative | 逆流させる 逆流さす |
ぎゃくりゅうさせる ぎゃくりゅうさす |
gyakuryū saseru gyakuryū sasu | |
| Potential | 逆流できる | ぎゃくりゅうできる | gyakuryū dekiru | |
| Volitional | 逆流しよう | ぎゃくりゅうしよう | gyakuryū shiyō | |
| Negative | 逆流しない | ぎゃくりゅうしない | gyakuryū shinai | |
| Negative continuative | 逆流せず | ぎゃくりゅうせず | gyakuryū sezu | |
| Formal | 逆流します | ぎゃくりゅうします | gyakuryū shimasu | |
| Perfective | 逆流した | ぎゃくりゅうした | gyakuryū shita | |
| Conjunctive | 逆流して | ぎゃくりゅうして | gyakuryū shite | |
| Hypothetical conditional | 逆流すれば | ぎゃくりゅうすれば | gyakuryū sureba | |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative | ||||