通商
Chinese
go through; know well; to connect go through; know well; to connect; to communicate; open |
commerce; consult | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (通商) | 通 | 商 | |
| simp. #(通商) | 通 | 商 | |
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): tung1 soeng1
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): thûng-sông
- Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): thong-siong / thong-siang
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: tōngshāng
- Zhuyin: ㄊㄨㄥ ㄕㄤ
- Tongyong Pinyin: tongshang
- Wade–Giles: tʻung1-shang1
- Yale: tūng-shāng
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tongshang
- Palladius: туншан (tunšan)
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʰʊŋ⁵⁵ ʂɑŋ⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: tung1 soeng1
- Yale: tūng sēung
- Cantonese Pinyin: tung1 soeng1
- Guangdong Romanization: tung1 sêng1
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʰʊŋ⁵⁵ sœːŋ⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: thûng-sông
- Hakka Romanization System: tungˊ songˊ
- Hagfa Pinyim: tung1 song1
- Sinological IPA: /tʰuŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ soŋ²⁴/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thong-siong
- Tâi-lô: thong-siong
- Phofsit Daibuun: tongsiofng
- IPA (Quanzhou): /tʰɔŋ³³ siɔŋ³³/
- IPA (Xiamen): /tʰɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² siɔŋ⁴⁴/
- IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /tʰɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ siɔŋ⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thong-siang
- Tâi-lô: thong-siang
- Phofsit Daibuun: tongsiafng
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /tʰɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² siaŋ⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
Verb
通商
Japanese
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 通 | 商 |
| つう Grade: 2 |
しょう Grade: 3 |
| on'yomi | |
Pronunciation
Noun
通商 • (tsūshō)
Verb
通商する • (tsūshō suru) intransitive suru (stem 通商し (tsūshō shi), past 通商した (tsūshō shita))
- engage in international trade
Conjugation
Conjugation of "通商する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)
| Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 通商し | つうしょうし | tsūshō shi | |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 通商し | つうしょうし | tsūshō shi | |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 通商する | つうしょうする | tsūshō suru | |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 通商する | つうしょうする | tsūshō suru | |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 通商すれ | つうしょうすれ | tsūshō sure | |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 通商せよ¹ 通商しろ² |
つうしょうせよ¹ つうしょうしろ² |
tsūshō seyo¹ tsūshō shiro² | |
| Key constructions | ||||
| Passive | 通商される | つうしょうされる | tsūshō sareru | |
| Causative | 通商させる 通商さす |
つうしょうさせる つうしょうさす |
tsūshō saseru tsūshō sasu | |
| Potential | 通商できる | つうしょうできる | tsūshō dekiru | |
| Volitional | 通商しよう | つうしょうしよう | tsūshō shiyō | |
| Negative | 通商しない | つうしょうしない | tsūshō shinai | |
| Negative continuative | 通商せず | つうしょうせず | tsūshō sezu | |
| Formal | 通商します | つうしょうします | tsūshō shimasu | |
| Perfective | 通商した | つうしょうした | tsūshō shita | |
| Conjunctive | 通商して | つうしょうして | tsūshō shite | |
| Hypothetical conditional | 通商すれば | つうしょうすれば | tsūshō sureba | |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative | ||||
References
- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
Korean
| Hanja in this term | |
|---|---|
| 通 | 商 |
Noun
通商 • (tongsang) (hangeul 통상)