銀杏

銀杏

1. (～樹) ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba, tree)
2. ginkgo nut

• (tree): 白果 (báiguǒ), 公孫樹／公孙树 (gōngsūnshù)

• → Hawaiian: nanahana (via Cantonese ngan⁴ hang⁶)

/it͡ɕijau/ → /it͡ɕjɔː/ → /it͡ɕoː/

Borrowing from Chinese 鴨腳 / 鸭脚 (yājiǎo, “ginkgo”) around the Muromachi period.

There is an Edo-period folk etymology that the original derivation was 一葉 (ichiyō, literally “a single leaf”), but from the historical kana usage, 一葉 would be read as いちえふ (ichi-efu) → いてふ (itefu), instead of いちやう (i-chau).

The kanji spelling is jukujikun (熟字訓).

• (Tokyo) いちょー [ìchóó] (Heiban – [0])^[1]
• IPA^(key): [it͡ɕo̞ː]

銀杏(いちょう) or 銀杏(イチョウ) • (ichō) ^{←いちやう (ityau) or イチヤウ (ityau)?}

1. ginkgo tree (Ginkgo biloba)

   Synonyms: 公孫樹 (kōsonju), 鴨脚 (ōkyaku)

2. an arrowhead in the shape of a ginkgo leaf
3. short for 銀杏頭 (ichō-gashira): an Edo-period hairstyle, with the topknot in the shape of a ginkgo leaf, today usually associated with higher-ranked sumo wrestlers
4. a 家紋 (kamon, “family crest”) with a motif of various styles of gingko leaves

• As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary), as イチョウ (ichō).

Attested around the mid-12th century.

Borrowing from Middle Chinese 銀杏 (MC ngin haengX), utilizing the 唐音 (tō'on, “Tang sound”) of 杏 (an), as in 杏子 (anzu, “apricot”).

The an changes to nan as an instance of renjō (連声).

• (Tokyo) ぎんなん [gìńnáꜜǹ] (Nakadaka – [3])^[1]
• IPA^(key): [ɡʲĩnːã̠ɴ]

銀(ぎん)杏(なん) • (ginnan) 

1. Ginkgo biloba
   1. a ginkgo tree
   2. a ginkgo nut or seed

• 銀杏(ギンナン)草(ソウ) (ginnansō)

Borrowing from Middle Chinese 銀杏 (MC ngin haengX), utilizing the 慣用音 (kan'yō-on, “Customary sound”) of 杏 (kyō), as in 杏仁 (kyōnin, “apricot seed”).

• IPA^(key): [ɡʲĩŋʲkʲo̞ː]

銀(ぎん)杏(きょう) • (ginkyō) ^{←ぎんきやう (ginkyau)?}

1. (The addition of quotations indicative of this usage is being sought:) (rare) Ginkgo biloba

• → Translingual: Ginkgo
• → English: ginkgo