霞む

Japanese

Kanji in this term
霞
かす
Jinmeiyō
kun'yomi
Alternative spelling
翳む

Etymology

From Old Japanese.

From stem kasu-, cognate with classical adjective 幽し (kasukeshi, “faint”), adjective 微か (kasuka, “faint, dim”), and adverb かすかす (kasukasu, “barely”).[1]

Pronunciation

  • (Tokyo) かすむ [kàsúmú] (Heiban – [0])[2]
  • IPA(key): [ka̠sɨmɯ̟]
  • Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of 「霞む」
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
Stem forms
Terminal (終止形)
Attributive (連体形) 		霞む かすむ [kàsúmú]
Imperative (命令形) 霞め かすめ [kàsúmé]
Key constructions
Passive 霞まれる かすまれる [kàsúmárérú]
Causative 霞ませる かすませる [kàsúmásérú]
Potential - - -
Volitional 霞もう かすもー [kàsúmóꜜò]
Negative 霞まない かすまない [kàsúmánáí]
Negative perfective 霞まなかった かすまなかった [kàsúmánáꜜkàttà]
Formal 霞みます かすみます [kàsúmímáꜜsù]
Perfective 霞んだ かすんだ [kàsúńdá]
Conjunctive 霞んで かすんで [kàsúńdé]
Hypothetical conditional 霞めば かすめば [kàsúméꜜbà]

Verb

霞(かす)む • (kasumu) intransitive godan (stem 霞(かす)み (kasumi), past 霞(かす)んだ (kasunda))

Japanese verb pair
active 霞める
mediopassive 霞む
  1. to grow hazy, be misty
  2. 霞む, 翳む: to become blurry, especially when tears come out
    涙(なみだ)で霞(かす)んでしまう
    namida de kasunde shimau
    eyes get blurry with tears
  3. to get dim
  4. to be overshadowed

Conjugation

Conjugation of "霞む" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 霞ま かすま kasuma
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 霞み かすみ kasumi
Shūshikei ("terminal") 霞む かすむ kasumu
Rentaikei ("attributive") 霞む かすむ kasumu
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 霞め かすめ kasume
Meireikei ("imperative") 霞め かすめ kasume
Key constructions
Passive 霞まれる かすまれる kasumareru
Causative 霞ませる
霞ます 		かすませる
かすます 		kasumaseru
kasumasu
Potential 霞める かすめる kasumeru
Volitional 霞もう かすもう kasumō
Negative 霞まない かすまない kasumanai
Negative continuative 霞まず かすまず kasumazu
Formal 霞みます かすみます kasumimasu
Perfective 霞んだ かすんだ kasunda
Conjunctive 霞んで かすんで kasunde
Hypothetical conditional 霞めば かすめば kasumeba
Classical conjugation of "霞む" (マ行四段活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Stem forms
Irrealis (未然形) 霞ま かすま kasuma
Continuative (連用形) 霞み かすみ kasumi
Terminal (終止形) 霞む かすむ kasumu
Attributive (連体形) 霞む かすむ kasumu
Realis (已然形) 霞め かすめ kasume
Imperative (命令形) 霞め かすめ kasume
Key constructions
Negative 霞まず かすまず kasumazu
Contrasting conjunction 霞めど かすめど kasumedo
Causal conjunction 霞めば かすめば kasumeba
Conditional conjunction 霞まば かすまば kasumaba
Past tense (firsthand knowledge) 霞みき かすみき kasumiki
Past tense (secondhand knowledge) 霞みけり かすみけり kasumikeri
Perfect tense (conscious action) 霞みつ かすみつ kasumitu
Perfect tense (natural event) 霞みぬ かすみぬ kasuminu
Perfect-continuative tense 霞めり
霞みたり		 かすめり
かすみたり		 kasumeri
kasumitari
Volitional 霞まむ かすまむ kasumamu

Quotations

For quotations using this term, see Citations:霞む.

Derived terms

  • 霞(かすみ) (kasumi)
  • 霞(かす)み合(あ)ふ (kasumiau)
  • 霞(かす)み込(こ)む (kasumikomu)
  • 霞(かす)み残(のこ)る (kasuminokoru)
  • 霞(かす)み渡(わた)る (kasumiwataru)
  • 薄(うす)霞(がす)む (usugasumu)
  • 打(う)ち霞(かす)む (uchikasumu)
  • 鐘(かね)霞(かす)む (kanekasumu)
  • 草(くさ)霞(かす)む (kusakasumu)
  • 目(め)が霞(かす)む (me ga kasumu)

Verb

霞(かす)む • (kasumu) transitive †nidan

  1. (archaic) to blur
  2. (theater, archaic) in kabuki, for the 下座 (geza) musicians to play weakly and quietly
    Antonym: 生やす (oyasu)

Conjugation

Classical conjugation of "霞む" (マ行下二段活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Stem forms
Irrealis (未然形) 霞め かすめ kasume
Continuative (連用形) 霞め かすめ kasume
Terminal (終止形) 霞む かすむ kasumu
Attributive (連体形) 霞むる かすむる kasumuru
Realis (已然形) 霞むれ かすむれ kasumure
Imperative (命令形) 霞めよ かすめよ kasumeyo
Key constructions
Negative 霞めず かすめず kasumezu
Contrasting conjunction 霞むれど かすむれど kasumuredo
Causal conjunction 霞むれば かすむれば kasumureba
Conditional conjunction 霞めば かすめば kasumeba
Past tense (firsthand knowledge) 霞めき かすめき kasumeki
Past tense (secondhand knowledge) 霞めけり かすめけり kasumekeri
Perfect tense (conscious action) 霞めつ かすめつ kasumetu
Perfect tense (natural event) 霞めぬ かすめぬ kasumenu
Perfect-continuative tense 霞めたり かすめたり kasumetari
Volitional 霞めむ かすめむ kasumemu

Derived terms

  • 霞(かす)める (kasumeru, modern form)

References

  1. ^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  2. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Old Japanese

Etymology

From stem kasu-, cognate with adjective 幽し (kaso1ke2si, “faint”).[1]

Verb

霞む (kasumu) (kana かすむ)

  1. to grow hazy, be misty

Conjugation

Classical conjugation of "霞む" (マ行四段活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Stem forms
Irrealis (未然形) 霞ま かすま kasuma
Continuative (連用形) 霞み かすみ kasumi
Terminal (終止形) 霞む かすむ kasumu
Attributive (連体形) 霞む かすむ kasumu
Realis (已然形) 霞め かすめ kasume
Imperative (命令形) 霞め かすめ kasume
Key constructions
Negative 霞まず かすまず kasumazu
Contrasting conjunction 霞めど かすめど kasumedo
Causal conjunction 霞めば かすめば kasumeba
Conditional conjunction 霞まば かすまば kasumaba
Past tense (firsthand knowledge) 霞みき かすみき kasumiki
Past tense (secondhand knowledge) 霞みけり かすみけり kasumikeri
Perfect tense (conscious action) 霞みつ かすみつ kasumitu
Perfect tense (natural event) 霞みぬ かすみぬ kasuminu
Perfect-continuative tense 霞めり
霞みたり		 かすめり
かすみたり		 kasumeri
kasumitari
Volitional 霞まむ かすまむ kasumamu

Quotations

For quotations using this term, see Citations:霞む.

Derived terms

Descendants

  • Japanese: 霞む, 翳む (kasumu, intransitive and archaic transitive)
    • 霞める, 翳める (kasumeru, modern transitive)

References

  1. ^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
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