감기다
Korean
Etymology 1
감다 (gamda, “to close (eyes)”) + -기- (-gi-, passive suffix).
First attested in the 증수무원록언해, 1796, as Early Modern Korean ᄀᆞᆷ기다 (Yale: kamki-ta).
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ka̠mɡida̠]
- Phonetic hangul: [감기다]
| Romanizations | |
|---|---|
| Revised Romanization? | gamgida |
| Revised Romanization (translit.)? | gamgida |
| McCune–Reischauer? | kamgida |
| Yale Romanization? | kamkita |
Verb
| Base | 감다 (gamda) |
|---|---|
| Causative | 감기다 (gamgida) |
| Passive | 감기다 (gamgida) |
감기다 • (gamgida) (infinitive 감겨 or 감기어, sequential 감기니)
- (intransitive) to close (of eyes)
Conjugation
Selected forms of the verb 감기다 (gamgida): vowel-stem, regular
| Sentence-final forms | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formal non-polite (해라체) |
Informal non-polite (해체) |
Informal polite (해요체) |
Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 감긴다 gamginda |
감겨 gamgyeo |
감겨요, 감기어요 gamgyeoyo, gamgieoyo |
감깁니다 gamgimnida |
| Past | 감겼다 gamgyeotda |
감겼어 gamgyeosseo |
감겼어요 gamgyeosseoyo |
감겼습니다 gamgyeotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 감기느냐 gamgineunya |
감겨 gamgyeo |
감겨요, 감기어요 gamgyeoyo, gamgieoyo |
감깁니까 gamgimnikka |
| Past | 감겼느냐 gamgyeonneunya |
감겼어 gamgyeosseo |
감겼어요 gamgyeosseoyo |
감겼습니까 gamgyeotseumnikka | |
| Hortative | 감기자 gamgija |
감겨 gamgyeo |
감겨요, 감기어요 gamgyeoyo, gamgieoyo |
감기십시다 gamgisipsida | |
| Imperative | 감겨라, 감기어라 gamgyeora, gamgieora |
감겨 gamgyeo |
감겨요, 감기어요 gamgyeoyo, gamgieoyo |
감깁시오 gamgipsio | |
| Assertive | 감기겠다 gamgigetda |
감기겠어 gamgigesseo |
감기겠어요 gamgigesseoyo |
감기겠습니다 gamgigetseumnida | |
| Connective forms | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 감겨 gamgyeo |
감겨서, 감기어서 gamgyeoseo, gamgieoseo |
감기니 gamgini |
감기니까 gamginikka | |
| Contrast | 감기지만 gamgijiman |
감기는데 gamgineunde |
감기더니 gamgideoni |
||
| Conjunction | 감기고 gamgigo |
||||
| Condition | 감기면 gamgimyeon |
감겨야, 감기어야 gamgyeoya, gamgieoya |
|||
| Motive | 감기려고 gamgiryeogo |
||||
| Noun and determiner forms | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 감김 gamgim |
감기기 gamgigi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 감겼음, 감기었음 gamgyeosseum, gamgieosseum |
감겼기, 감기었기 gamgyeotgi, gamgieotgi | |||
| Determiners | Past | 감긴 gamgin | |||
| Present | 감기는 gamgineun | ||||
| Future | 감길 gamgil | ||||
| Sentence-final forms with honorific | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formal non-polite (해라체) |
Informal non-polite (해체) |
Informal polite (해요체) |
Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 감기신다 gamgisinda |
감기셔 gamgisyeo |
감기세요, 감기셔요 gamgiseyo, gamgisyeoyo |
감기십니다 gamgisimnida |
| Past | 감기셨다 gamgisyeotda |
감기셨어 gamgisyeosseo |
감기셨어요 gamgisyeosseoyo |
감기셨습니다 gamgisyeotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 감기시느냐 gamgisineunya |
감기셔 gamgisyeo |
감기세요, 감기셔요 gamgiseyo, gamgisyeoyo |
감기십니까 gamgisimnikka |
| Past | 감기셨느냐 gamgisyeonneunya |
감기셨어 gamgisyeosseo |
감기셨어요 gamgisyeosseoyo |
감기셨습니까 gamgisyeotseumnikka | |
| Imperative | 감기시라 gamgisira |
감기셔 gamgisyeo |
감기세요 gamgiseyo |
감기십시오 gamgisipsio | |
| Assertive | 감기시겠다 gamgisigetda |
감기시겠어 gamgisigesseo |
감기시겠어요 gamgisigesseoyo |
감기시겠습니다 gamgisigetseumnida | |
| Connective forms with honorific | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 감기셔 gamgisyeo |
감기셔서 gamgisyeoseo |
감기시니 gamgisini |
감기시니까 gamgisinikka | |
| Contrast | 감기시지만 gamgisijiman |
감기시는데 gamgisineunde |
감기시더니 gamgisideoni |
||
| Conjunction | 감기시고 gamgisigo |
||||
| Condition | 감기시면 gamgisimyeon |
감기셔야 gamgisyeoya |
|||
| Motive | 감기시려고 gamgisiryeogo |
||||
| Noun and determiner forms with honorific | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 감기심 gamgisim |
감기시기 gamgisigi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 감기셨음 gamgisyeosseum |
감기셨기 gamgisyeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Past | 감기신 gamgisin | |||
| Present | 감기시는 gamgisineun | ||||
| Future | 감기실 gamgisil | ||||
Etymology 2
감다 (gamda, “to wrap around”) + -기- (-gi-, passive suffix).
First attested in the Gugeupganibang eonhae (救急簡易方諺解 / 구급간이방언해), 1489, as Middle Korean 감기다 (Yale: kamki-ta).
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ka̠mɡida̠]
- Phonetic hangul: [감기다]
| Romanizations | |
|---|---|
| Revised Romanization? | gamgida |
| Revised Romanization (translit.)? | gamgida |
| McCune–Reischauer? | kamgida |
| Yale Romanization? | kamkita |
Verb
감기다 • (gamgida) (infinitive 감겨 or 감기어, sequential 감기니)
- (intransitive) to be wrapped around
Conjugation
Selected forms of the verb 감기다 (gamgida): vowel-stem, regular
| Sentence-final forms | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formal non-polite (해라체) |
Informal non-polite (해체) |
Informal polite (해요체) |
Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 감긴다 gamginda |
감겨 gamgyeo |
감겨요, 감기어요 gamgyeoyo, gamgieoyo |
감깁니다 gamgimnida |
| Past | 감겼다 gamgyeotda |
감겼어 gamgyeosseo |
감겼어요 gamgyeosseoyo |
감겼습니다 gamgyeotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 감기느냐 gamgineunya |
감겨 gamgyeo |
감겨요, 감기어요 gamgyeoyo, gamgieoyo |
감깁니까 gamgimnikka |
| Past | 감겼느냐 gamgyeonneunya |
감겼어 gamgyeosseo |
감겼어요 gamgyeosseoyo |
감겼습니까 gamgyeotseumnikka | |
| Hortative | 감기자 gamgija |
감겨 gamgyeo |
감겨요, 감기어요 gamgyeoyo, gamgieoyo |
감기십시다 gamgisipsida | |
| Imperative | 감겨라, 감기어라 gamgyeora, gamgieora |
감겨 gamgyeo |
감겨요, 감기어요 gamgyeoyo, gamgieoyo |
감깁시오 gamgipsio | |
| Assertive | 감기겠다 gamgigetda |
감기겠어 gamgigesseo |
감기겠어요 gamgigesseoyo |
감기겠습니다 gamgigetseumnida | |
| Connective forms | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 감겨 gamgyeo |
감겨서, 감기어서 gamgyeoseo, gamgieoseo |
감기니 gamgini |
감기니까 gamginikka | |
| Contrast | 감기지만 gamgijiman |
감기는데 gamgineunde |
감기더니 gamgideoni |
||
| Conjunction | 감기고 gamgigo |
||||
| Condition | 감기면 gamgimyeon |
감겨야, 감기어야 gamgyeoya, gamgieoya |
|||
| Motive | 감기려고 gamgiryeogo |
||||
| Noun and determiner forms | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 감김 gamgim |
감기기 gamgigi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 감겼음, 감기었음 gamgyeosseum, gamgieosseum |
감겼기, 감기었기 gamgyeotgi, gamgieotgi | |||
| Determiners | Past | 감긴 gamgin | |||
| Present | 감기는 gamgineun | ||||
| Future | 감길 gamgil | ||||
| Sentence-final forms with honorific | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formal non-polite (해라체) |
Informal non-polite (해체) |
Informal polite (해요체) |
Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 감기신다 gamgisinda |
감기셔 gamgisyeo |
감기세요, 감기셔요 gamgiseyo, gamgisyeoyo |
감기십니다 gamgisimnida |
| Past | 감기셨다 gamgisyeotda |
감기셨어 gamgisyeosseo |
감기셨어요 gamgisyeosseoyo |
감기셨습니다 gamgisyeotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 감기시느냐 gamgisineunya |
감기셔 gamgisyeo |
감기세요, 감기셔요 gamgiseyo, gamgisyeoyo |
감기십니까 gamgisimnikka |
| Past | 감기셨느냐 gamgisyeonneunya |
감기셨어 gamgisyeosseo |
감기셨어요 gamgisyeosseoyo |
감기셨습니까 gamgisyeotseumnikka | |
| Imperative | 감기시라 gamgisira |
감기셔 gamgisyeo |
감기세요 gamgiseyo |
감기십시오 gamgisipsio | |
| Assertive | 감기시겠다 gamgisigetda |
감기시겠어 gamgisigesseo |
감기시겠어요 gamgisigesseoyo |
감기시겠습니다 gamgisigetseumnida | |
| Connective forms with honorific | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 감기셔 gamgisyeo |
감기셔서 gamgisyeoseo |
감기시니 gamgisini |
감기시니까 gamgisinikka | |
| Contrast | 감기시지만 gamgisijiman |
감기시는데 gamgisineunde |
감기시더니 gamgisideoni |
||
| Conjunction | 감기시고 gamgisigo |
||||
| Condition | 감기시면 gamgisimyeon |
감기셔야 gamgisyeoya |
|||
| Motive | 감기시려고 gamgisiryeogo |
||||
| Noun and determiner forms with honorific | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 감기심 gamgisim |
감기시기 gamgisigi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 감기셨음 gamgisyeosseum |
감기셨기 gamgisyeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Past | 감기신 gamgisin | |||
| Present | 감기시는 gamgisineun | ||||
| Future | 감기실 gamgisil | ||||
Middle Korean
Etymology
감〯다〮 (kǎmtá, “to wrap around”) + -기- (-ki-, passive suffix).
Pronunciation
- (Morphophonemic) IPA(key): ⫽kàmkítá⫽
Verb
감기〮다〮 (kàmkítá) (infinitive 감겨〮, sequential 감기〮니〮)
- (intransitive) to be wrapped around
- 1459, 구급간이방언해 (Gugeup Ganibang Eonhae), volume 6, page 49a:
- 과ᄀᆞ리 ᄇᆡ얌 감겨 프디 몯ᄒᆞ거든 더운 믈로 저지라. 더운 믈옷 업거든 사ᄅᆞᆷ으로 오좀 누이라.
- kwakoli poyyam kamkye phu-ti mwotho-ketun tew-un mul-lwo ceci-la. tew-un mul-wos ep-ketun salom-ulwo wocwom nwui-la.
- If you are suddenly wrapped around by a snake and cannot loosen it, make it wet with hot water. If you do not have hot water, then make a person urinate on it.
Descendants
- Korean: 감기다 (gamgida)