고통스럽다
Korean
Etymology
고통(苦痛) (gotong) + -스럽다 (-seureopda).
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ko̞tʰo̞ŋsʰɯɾʌ̹p̚t͈a̠]
- Phonetic hangul: [고통스럽따]
| Romanizations | |
|---|---|
| Revised Romanization? | gotongseureopda |
| Revised Romanization (translit.)? | gotongseuleobda |
| McCune–Reischauer? | kot'ongsŭrŏpta |
| Yale Romanization? | ko.thongsulepta |
Adjective
고통스럽다 • (gotongseureopda) (infinitive 고통스러워, sequential 고통스러우니)
Conjugation
Selected forms of the adjective 고통스럽다 (gotongseureopda): consonant-stem, ㅂ(b)-irregular
| Sentence-final forms | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formal non-polite (해라체) |
Informal non-polite (해체) |
Informal polite (해요체) |
Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 고통스럽다 gotongseureopda |
고통스러워 gotongseureowo |
고통스러워요 gotongseureowoyo |
고통스럽습니다 gotongseureopseumnida |
| Past | 고통스러웠다 gotongseureowotda |
고통스러웠어 gotongseureowosseo |
고통스러웠어요 gotongseureowosseoyo |
고통스러웠습니다 gotongseureowotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 고통스러우냐 gotongseureounya |
고통스러워 gotongseureowo |
고통스러워요 gotongseureowoyo |
고통스럽습니까 gotongseureopseumnikka |
| Past | 고통스러웠냐 gotongseureowonnya |
고통스러웠어 gotongseureowosseo |
고통스러웠어요 gotongseureowosseoyo |
고통스러웠습니까 gotongseureowotseumnikka | |
| Assertive | 고통스럽겠다 gotongseureopgetda |
고통스럽겠어 gotongseureopgesseo |
고통스럽겠어요 gotongseureopgesseoyo |
고통스럽겠습니다 gotongseureopgetseumnida | |
| Connective forms | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 고통스러워 gotongseureowo |
고통스러워서 gotongseureowoseo |
고통스러우니 gotongseureouni |
고통스러우니까 gotongseureounikka | |
| Contrast | 고통스럽지만 gotongseureopjiman |
고통스러운데 gotongseureounde |
고통스럽더니 gotongseureopdeoni |
||
| Conjunction | 고통스럽고 gotongseureopgo |
||||
| Condition | 고통스러우면 gotongseureoumyeon |
고통스러워야 gotongseureowoya |
|||
| Noun and determiner forms | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 고통스러움 gotongseureoum |
고통스럽기 gotongseureopgi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 고통스러웠음 gotongseureowosseum |
고통스러웠기 gotongseureowotgi | |||
| Determiners | Present | 고통스러운 gotongseureoun | |||
| Future | 고통스러울 gotongseureoul | ||||
| Sentence-final forms with honorific | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plain (해라체) | Informal (해체) | Polite (해요체) | Formal (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 고통스러우시다 gotongseureousida |
고통스러우셔 gotongseureousyeo |
고통스러우세요, 고통스러우셔요 gotongseureouseyo, gotongseureousyeoyo |
고통스러우십니다 gotongseureousimnida |
| Past | 고통스러우셨다 gotongseureousyeotda |
고통스러우셨어 gotongseureousyeosseo |
고통스러우셨어요 gotongseureousyeosseoyo |
고통스러우셨습니다 gotongseureousyeotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 고통스러우시냐 gotongseureousinya |
고통스러우셔 gotongseureousyeo |
고통스러우세요, 고통스러우셔요 gotongseureouseyo, gotongseureousyeoyo |
고통스러우십니까 gotongseureousimnikka |
| Past | 고통스러우셨냐 gotongseureousyeonnya |
고통스러우셨어 gotongseureousyeosseo |
고통스러우셨어요 gotongseureousyeosseoyo |
고통스러우셨습니까 gotongseureousyeotseumnikka | |
| Assertive | 고통스러우시겠다 gotongseureousigetda |
고통스러우시겠어 gotongseureousigesseo |
고통스러우시겠어요 gotongseureousigesseoyo |
고통스러우시겠습니다 gotongseureousigetseumnida | |
| Connective forms with honorific | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 고통스러우셔 gotongseureousyeo |
고통스러우셔서 gotongseureousyeoseo |
고통스러우시니 gotongseureousini |
고통스러우시니까 gotongseureousinikka | |
| Contrast | 고통스러우시지만 gotongseureousijiman |
고통스러우신데 gotongseureousinde |
고통스러우시더니 gotongseureousideoni |
||
| Conjunction | 고통스러우시고 gotongseureousigo |
||||
| Condition | 고통스러우시면 gotongseureousimyeon |
고통스러우셔야 gotongseureousyeoya |
|||
| Noun and determiner forms with honorific | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 고통스러우심 gotongseureousim |
고통스러우시기 gotongseureousigi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 고통스러우셨음 gotongseureousyeosseum |
고통스러우셨기 gotongseureousyeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Present | 고통스러우신 gotongseureousin | |||
| Future | 고통스러우실 gotongseureousil | ||||