궂다
Jeju
Etymology
Cognate with Korean 궂다 (gutda).
Pronunciation
| Romanizations | |
|---|---|
| Revised Romanization? | gutda |
| Revised Romanization (translit.)? | gujda |
| Yale Romanization? | kwuc.ta |
Adjective
궂다 (gutda)
- to be bad
- to be disgusting, unpleasant
- to be irksome
Korean
Etymology
First attested in the Seokbo sangjeol (釋譜詳節 / 석보상절), 1447, as Middle Korean 궂다〮 (Yale: kwùc-tá).
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [kut̚t͈a̠]
- Phonetic hangul: [굳따]
| Romanizations | |
|---|---|
| Revised Romanization? | gutda |
| Revised Romanization (translit.)? | gujda |
| McCune–Reischauer? | kutta |
| Yale Romanization? | kwucta |
Adjective
궂다 • (gutda) (infinitive 궂어, sequential 궂으니)
Conjugation
Selected forms of the adjective 궂다 (gutda): consonant-stem, regular
| Sentence-final forms | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formal non-polite (해라체) |
Informal non-polite (해체) |
Informal polite (해요체) |
Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 궂다 gutda |
궂어 gujeo |
궂어요 gujeoyo |
궂습니다 gutseumnida |
| Past | 궂었다 gujeotda |
궂었어 gujeosseo |
궂었어요 gujeosseoyo |
궂었습니다 gujeotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 궂으냐 gujeunya |
궂어 gujeo |
궂어요 gujeoyo |
궂습니까 gutseumnikka |
| Past | 궂었냐 gujeonnya |
궂었어 gujeosseo |
궂었어요 gujeosseoyo |
궂었습니까 gujeotseumnikka | |
| Assertive | 궂겠다 gutgetda |
궂겠어 gutgesseo |
궂겠어요 gutgesseoyo |
궂겠습니다 gutgetseumnida | |
| Connective forms | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 궂어 gujeo |
궂어서 gujeoseo |
궂으니 gujeuni |
궂으니까 gujeunikka | |
| Contrast | 궂지만 gutjiman |
궂은데 gujeunde |
궂더니 gutdeoni |
||
| Conjunction | 궂고 gutgo |
||||
| Condition | 궂으면 gujeumyeon |
궂어야 gujeoya |
|||
| Noun and determiner forms | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 궂음 gujeum |
궂기 gutgi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 궂었음 gujeosseum |
궂었기 gujeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Present | 궂은 gujeun | |||
| Future | 궂을 gujeul | ||||
| Sentence-final forms with honorific | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plain (해라체) | Informal (해체) | Polite (해요체) | Formal (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 궂으시다 gujeusida |
궂으셔 gujeusyeo |
궂으세요, 궂으셔요 gujeuseyo, gujeusyeoyo |
궂으십니다 gujeusimnida |
| Past | 궂으셨다 gujeusyeotda |
궂으셨어 gujeusyeosseo |
궂으셨어요 gujeusyeosseoyo |
궂으셨습니다 gujeusyeotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 궂으시냐 gujeusinya |
궂으셔 gujeusyeo |
궂으세요, 궂으셔요 gujeuseyo, gujeusyeoyo |
궂으십니까 gujeusimnikka |
| Past | 궂으셨냐 gujeusyeonnya |
궂으셨어 gujeusyeosseo |
궂으셨어요 gujeusyeosseoyo |
궂으셨습니까 gujeusyeotseumnikka | |
| Assertive | 궂으시겠다 gujeusigetda |
궂으시겠어 gujeusigesseo |
궂으시겠어요 gujeusigesseoyo |
궂으시겠습니다 gujeusigetseumnida | |
| Connective forms with honorific | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 궂으셔 gujeusyeo |
궂으셔서 gujeusyeoseo |
궂으시니 gujeusini |
궂으시니까 gujeusinikka | |
| Contrast | 궂으시지만 gujeusijiman |
궂으신데 gujeusinde |
궂으시더니 gujeusideoni |
||
| Conjunction | 궂으시고 gujeusigo |
||||
| Condition | 궂으시면 gujeusimyeon |
궂으셔야 gujeusyeoya |
|||
| Noun and determiner forms with honorific | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 궂으심 gujeusim |
궂으시기 gujeusigi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 궂으셨음 gujeusyeosseum |
궂으셨기 gujeusyeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Present | 궂으신 gujeusin | |||
| Future | 궂으실 gujeusil | ||||