능금

Nativization of Middle Chinese 林檎 (MC lim gim). Compare Middle Korean 니ᇰ금 (nìngkùm), Korean 능금 (neunggeum), Japanese リンゴ.

• (Morphophonemic) IPA^(key): ⫽nɨŋkɨm⫽
• (Jeju City) IPA^(key): [nɨŋɡɨm]
• Phonetic hangul: [능금]

능금 (neunggeum)

1. fruit of the Chinese pearleaf crabapple

• 능금낭 (neunggeumnang, “Chinese pearleaf crabapple tree”)

Ultimately a nativization of Middle Chinese 林檎 (MC lim gim); compare Jeju 능금 (neunggeum), Japanese リンゴ.

First attested as Middle Korean 林檎 in the Jineon gwon'gong (眞言勸供 / 진언권공), 48b, 1496, then subsequently as various Hangeul forms:

• Middle Korean 니ᇰ금 (nìngkùm) in the Hunmong jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 上:6a, 1527
  • Middle Korean 림금 (lìmkùm) in the same source, 上:6b, as a compound 큰〮림금 (khúnlìmkùm)
• Early Modern Korean 님금 (nimkum) in the Dong'ui bogam tang'aekpyeon (東醫寶鑑湯液篇 / 동의보감탕액편), 24a, 1613
• Early Modern Korean 임금 (imkum) in the Uijong sonik (醫宗損益 / 의종손익), 32a, 1868

The modern form is only first attested into the 19th century, as in Early Modern Korean 능금 (nungkum) in the Gwang jaemulbo (廣才物譜 / 광재물보), 15b, 18XX, though its actual point of conception is difficult of ascertain.

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [nɯŋɡɯm]
• Phonetic hangul: [능금]

능금 • (neunggeum)

1. fruit of the Chinese pearleaf crabapple

• 능금나무 (neunggeumnamu, “Chinese pearleaf crabapple tree”)