숨막히다
Korean
Etymology
Univerbation of 숨 (sum, “breath”) + 막히다 (makhida, “to become blocked or clogged”).
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ˈsʰu(ː)mma̠cçida̠]
- Phonetic hangul: [숨(ː)마키다]
- Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
| Romanizations | |
|---|---|
| Revised Romanization? | summakhida |
| Revised Romanization (translit.)? | summaghida |
| McCune–Reischauer? | summakhida |
| Yale Romanization? | swūmmak.hita |
Verb
숨막히다 • (summakhida) (infinitive 숨막혀 or 숨막히어, sequential 숨막히니)
- (active verb) to choke, suffocate
- (passive verb) to be choked, suffocated
Conjugation
Selected forms of the verb 숨막히다 (summakhida): vowel-stem, regular
| Sentence-final forms | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formal non-polite (해라체) |
Informal non-polite (해체) |
Informal polite (해요체) |
Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 숨막힌다 summakhinda |
숨막혀 summakhyeo |
숨막혀요, 숨막히어요 summakhyeoyo, summakhieoyo |
숨막힙니다 summakhimnida |
| Past | 숨막혔다 summakhyeotda |
숨막혔어 summakhyeosseo |
숨막혔어요 summakhyeosseoyo |
숨막혔습니다 summakhyeotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 숨막히느냐 summakhineunya |
숨막혀 summakhyeo |
숨막혀요, 숨막히어요 summakhyeoyo, summakhieoyo |
숨막힙니까 summakhimnikka |
| Past | 숨막혔느냐 summakhyeonneunya |
숨막혔어 summakhyeosseo |
숨막혔어요 summakhyeosseoyo |
숨막혔습니까 summakhyeotseumnikka | |
| Hortative | 숨막히자 summakhija |
숨막혀 summakhyeo |
숨막혀요, 숨막히어요 summakhyeoyo, summakhieoyo |
숨막히십시다 summakhisipsida | |
| Imperative | 숨막혀라, 숨막히어라 summakhyeora, summakhieora |
숨막혀 summakhyeo |
숨막혀요, 숨막히어요 summakhyeoyo, summakhieoyo |
숨막힙시오 summakhipsio | |
| Assertive | 숨막히겠다 summakhigetda |
숨막히겠어 summakhigesseo |
숨막히겠어요 summakhigesseoyo |
숨막히겠습니다 summakhigetseumnida | |
| Connective forms | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 숨막혀 summakhyeo |
숨막혀서, 숨막히어서 summakhyeoseo, summakhieoseo |
숨막히니 summakhini |
숨막히니까 summakhinikka | |
| Contrast | 숨막히지만 summakhijiman |
숨막히는데 summakhineunde |
숨막히더니 summakhideoni |
||
| Conjunction | 숨막히고 summakhigo |
||||
| Condition | 숨막히면 summakhimyeon |
숨막혀야, 숨막히어야 summakhyeoya, summakhieoya |
|||
| Motive | 숨막히려고 summakhiryeogo |
||||
| Noun and determiner forms | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 숨막힘 summakhim |
숨막히기 summakhigi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 숨막혔음, 숨막히었음 summakhyeosseum, summakhieosseum |
숨막혔기, 숨막히었기 summakhyeotgi, summakhieotgi | |||
| Determiners | Past | 숨막힌 summakhin | |||
| Present | 숨막히는 summakhineun | ||||
| Future | 숨막힐 summakhil | ||||
| Sentence-final forms with honorific | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formal non-polite (해라체) |
Informal non-polite (해체) |
Informal polite (해요체) |
Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 숨막히신다 summakhisinda |
숨막히셔 summakhisyeo |
숨막히세요, 숨막히셔요 summakhiseyo, summakhisyeoyo |
숨막히십니다 summakhisimnida |
| Past | 숨막히셨다 summakhisyeotda |
숨막히셨어 summakhisyeosseo |
숨막히셨어요 summakhisyeosseoyo |
숨막히셨습니다 summakhisyeotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 숨막히시느냐 summakhisineunya |
숨막히셔 summakhisyeo |
숨막히세요, 숨막히셔요 summakhiseyo, summakhisyeoyo |
숨막히십니까 summakhisimnikka |
| Past | 숨막히셨느냐 summakhisyeonneunya |
숨막히셨어 summakhisyeosseo |
숨막히셨어요 summakhisyeosseoyo |
숨막히셨습니까 summakhisyeotseumnikka | |
| Imperative | 숨막히시라 summakhisira |
숨막히셔 summakhisyeo |
숨막히세요 summakhiseyo |
숨막히십시오 summakhisipsio | |
| Assertive | 숨막히시겠다 summakhisigetda |
숨막히시겠어 summakhisigesseo |
숨막히시겠어요 summakhisigesseoyo |
숨막히시겠습니다 summakhisigetseumnida | |
| Connective forms with honorific | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 숨막히셔 summakhisyeo |
숨막히셔서 summakhisyeoseo |
숨막히시니 summakhisini |
숨막히시니까 summakhisinikka | |
| Contrast | 숨막히시지만 summakhisijiman |
숨막히시는데 summakhisineunde |
숨막히시더니 summakhisideoni |
||
| Conjunction | 숨막히시고 summakhisigo |
||||
| Condition | 숨막히시면 summakhisimyeon |
숨막히셔야 summakhisyeoya |
|||
| Motive | 숨막히시려고 summakhisiryeogo |
||||
| Noun and determiner forms with honorific | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 숨막히심 summakhisim |
숨막히시기 summakhisigi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 숨막히셨음 summakhisyeosseum |
숨막히셨기 summakhisyeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Past | 숨막히신 summakhisin | |||
| Present | 숨막히시는 summakhisineun | ||||
| Future | 숨막히실 summakhisil | ||||