익다

Korean

Etymology

First attested in the Seokbo sangjeol (釋譜詳節 / 석보상절), 1447, as Middle Korean 닉다〮 (Yale: nìk-tá). (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “semantic borrowing from Chinese 熟?”)

Pronunciation

(SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [ik̚t͈a̠]
Phonetic hangul: [익따]

Romanizations
Revised Romanization^?	ikda
Revised Romanization (translit.)^?	igda
McCune–Reischauer^?	ikta
Yale Romanization^?	ikta

Verb

Korean verb set
Base	익다 (ikda)
Causative	익히다 (ikhida)

익다 • (ikda) (infinitive 익어, sequential 익으니) (intransitive)

to ripen
Antonym: 설다 (seolda)
to be cooked
Antonym: 설다 (seolda)
(of skin) to get burnt (by the sun)

Conjugation

Selected forms of the verb 익다 (ikda): consonant-stem, regular

Sentence-final forms
		Formal non-polite (해라체)	Informal non-polite (해체)	Informal polite (해요체)	Formal polite (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	익는다 ingneunda	익어 igeo	익어요 igeoyo	익습니다 ikseumnida
Indicative	Past	익었다 igeotda	익었어 igeosseo	익었어요 igeosseoyo	익었습니다 igeotseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	익느냐 ingneunya	익어 igeo	익어요 igeoyo	익습니까 ikseumnikka
Interrogative	Past	익었느냐 igeonneunya	익었어 igeosseo	익었어요 igeosseoyo	익었습니까 igeotseumnikka
Hortative		익자 ikja	익어 igeo	익어요 igeoyo	익으십시다 igeusipsida
Imperative		익어라 igeora	익어 igeo	익어요 igeoyo	익읍시오 igeupsio
Assertive		익겠다 ikgetda	익겠어 ikgesseo	익겠어요 ikgesseoyo	익겠습니다 ikgetseumnida
Connective forms
Cause/Reason		익어 igeo	익어서 igeoseo	익으니 igeuni	익으니까 igeunikka
Contrast		익지만 ikjiman	익는데 ingneunde	익더니 ikdeoni
Conjunction		익고 ikgo
Condition		익으면 igeumyeon	익어야 igeoya
Motive		익으려고 igeuryeogo
Noun and determiner forms
Verbal nouns		익음 igeum	익기 ikgi
Past-tense verbal nouns		익었음 igeosseum	익었기 igeotgi
Determiners	Past	익은 igeun
	Present	익는 ingneun
	Future	익을 igeul

Sentence-final forms with honorific
		Formal non-polite (해라체)	Informal non-polite (해체)	Informal polite (해요체)	Formal polite (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	익으신다 igeusinda	익으셔 igeusyeo	익으세요, 익으셔요 igeuseyo, igeusyeoyo	익으십니다 igeusimnida
Indicative	Past	익으셨다 igeusyeotda	익으셨어 igeusyeosseo	익으셨어요 igeusyeosseoyo	익으셨습니다 igeusyeotseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	익으시느냐 igeusineunya	익으셔 igeusyeo	익으세요, 익으셔요 igeuseyo, igeusyeoyo	익으십니까 igeusimnikka
Interrogative	Past	익으셨느냐 igeusyeonneunya	익으셨어 igeusyeosseo	익으셨어요 igeusyeosseoyo	익으셨습니까 igeusyeotseumnikka
Imperative		익으시라 igeusira	익으셔 igeusyeo	익으세요 igeuseyo	익으십시오 igeusipsio
Assertive		익으시겠다 igeusigetda	익으시겠어 igeusigesseo	익으시겠어요 igeusigesseoyo	익으시겠습니다 igeusigetseumnida
Connective forms with honorific
Cause/Reason		익으셔 igeusyeo	익으셔서 igeusyeoseo	익으시니 igeusini	익으시니까 igeusinikka
Contrast		익으시지만 igeusijiman	익으시는데 igeusineunde	익으시더니 igeusideoni
Conjunction		익으시고 igeusigo
Condition		익으시면 igeusimyeon	익으셔야 igeusyeoya
Motive		익으시려고 igeusiryeogo
Noun and determiner forms with honorific
Verbal nouns		익으심 igeusim	익으시기 igeusigi
Past-tense verbal nouns		익으셨음 igeusyeosseum	익으셨기 igeusyeotgi
Determiners	Past	익으신 igeusin
	Present	익으시는 igeusineun
	Future	익으실 igeusil

Derived terms

농(濃)익다 (nong'ikda)
늦익다 (neujikda)
데익다 (deikda)
무르익다 (mureu'ikda)
설익다 (seorikda)

Adjective

Korean verb set
Base	익다 (ikda)
Causative	익히다 (ikhida)

익다 • (ikda) (infinitive 익어, sequential 익으니)

to be skilled, to be experienced
Antonym: 설다 (seolda)
to be familiar
Antonym: 설다 (seolda)

혹시 우리 어디에서 본 적 있나요? 낯이 익어요.
Hoksi uri eodi-eseo bon jeok innayo? Nach-i igeoyo.
Have we seen each other somewhere? You look familiar.

Conjugation

Selected forms of the adjective 익다 (ikda): consonant-stem, regular

Sentence-final forms
		Formal non-polite (해라체)	Informal non-polite (해체)	Informal polite (해요체)	Formal polite (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	익다 ikda	익어 igeo	익어요 igeoyo	익습니다 ikseumnida
Indicative	Past	익었다 igeotda	익었어 igeosseo	익었어요 igeosseoyo	익었습니다 igeotseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	익으냐 igeunya	익어 igeo	익어요 igeoyo	익습니까 ikseumnikka
Interrogative	Past	익었냐 igeonnya	익었어 igeosseo	익었어요 igeosseoyo	익었습니까 igeotseumnikka
Assertive		익겠다 ikgetda	익겠어 ikgesseo	익겠어요 ikgesseoyo	익겠습니다 ikgetseumnida
Connective forms
Cause/Reason		익어 igeo	익어서 igeoseo	익으니 igeuni	익으니까 igeunikka
Contrast		익지만 ikjiman	익은데 igeunde	익더니 ikdeoni
Conjunction		익고 ikgo
Condition		익으면 igeumyeon	익어야 igeoya
Noun and determiner forms
Verbal nouns		익음 igeum	익기 ikgi
Past-tense verbal nouns		익었음 igeosseum	익었기 igeotgi
Determiners	Present		익은 igeun
Determiners	Future		익을 igeul

Sentence-final forms with honorific
		Plain (해라체)	Informal (해체)	Polite (해요체)	Formal (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	익으시다 igeusida	익으셔 igeusyeo	익으세요, 익으셔요 igeuseyo, igeusyeoyo	익으십니다 igeusimnida
Indicative	Past	익으셨다 igeusyeotda	익으셨어 igeusyeosseo	익으셨어요 igeusyeosseoyo	익으셨습니다 igeusyeotseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	익으시냐 igeusinya	익으셔 igeusyeo	익으세요, 익으셔요 igeuseyo, igeusyeoyo	익으십니까 igeusimnikka
Interrogative	Past	익으셨냐 igeusyeonnya	익으셨어 igeusyeosseo	익으셨어요 igeusyeosseoyo	익으셨습니까 igeusyeotseumnikka
Assertive		익으시겠다 igeusigetda	익으시겠어 igeusigesseo	익으시겠어요 igeusigesseoyo	익으시겠습니다 igeusigetseumnida
Connective forms with honorific
Cause/Reason		익으셔 igeusyeo	익으셔서 igeusyeoseo	익으시니 igeusini	익으시니까 igeusinikka
Contrast		익으시지만 igeusijiman	익으신데 igeusinde	익으시더니 igeusideoni
Conjunction		익으시고 igeusigo
Condition		익으시면 igeusimyeon	익으셔야 igeusyeoya
Noun and determiner forms with honorific
Verbal nouns		익으심 igeusim	익으시기 igeusigi
Past-tense verbal nouns		익으셨음 igeusyeosseum	익으셨기 igeusyeotgi
Determiners	Present		익으신 igeusin
Determiners	Future		익으실 igeusil

Derived terms

낯익다 (nachikda)