험하다
Korean
Etymology
험(險) (heom) + -하다 (-hada, “to do”, light verb deriving adjectives).
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [hʌ̹mɦa̠da̠]
- Phonetic hangul: [험하다]
| Romanizations | |
|---|---|
| Revised Romanization? | heomhada |
| Revised Romanization (translit.)? | heomhada |
| McCune–Reischauer? | hŏmhada |
| Yale Romanization? | hemhata |
Adjective
험하다 • (heomhada) (infinitive 험해 or 험하여, sequential 험하니)
- (to be) rugged, rough; dangerous, perilous
- 배움의 길은 멀고도 험하다. ― Bae'um-ui gir-eun meolgo-do heomhada. ― The road to learning is long and arduous.
Conjugation
Selected forms of the adjective 험하다 (heomhada): vowel-stem, 하(ha)-irregular
| Sentence-final forms | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formal non-polite (해라체) |
Informal non-polite (해체) |
Informal polite (해요체) |
Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 험하다 heomhada |
험해 heomhae |
험해요 heomhaeyo |
험합니다 heomhamnida |
| Past | 험했다 heomhaetda |
험했어 heomhaesseo |
험했어요 heomhaesseoyo |
험했습니다 heomhaetseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 험하냐 heomhanya |
험해 heomhae |
험해요 heomhaeyo |
험합니까 heomhamnikka |
| Past | 험했냐 heomhaennya |
험했어 heomhaesseo |
험했어요 heomhaesseoyo |
험했습니까 heomhaetseumnikka | |
| Assertive | 험하겠다 heomhagetda |
험하겠어 heomhagesseo |
험하겠어요 heomhagesseoyo |
험하겠습니다 heomhagetseumnida | |
| Connective forms | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 험해 heomhae |
험해서, 험하여서 heomhaeseo, heomhayeoseo |
험하니 heomhani |
험하니까 heomhanikka | |
| Contrast | 험하지만 heomhajiman |
험한데 heomhande |
험하더니 heomhadeoni |
||
| Conjunction | 험하고 heomhago |
||||
| Condition | 험하면 heomhamyeon |
험해야, 험하여야 heomhaeya, heomhayeoya |
|||
| Noun and determiner forms | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 험함 heomham |
험하기 heomhagi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 험했음, 험하였음 heomhaesseum, heomhayeosseum |
험했기, 험하였기 heomhaetgi, heomhayeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Present | 험한 heomhan | |||
| Future | 험할 heomhal | ||||
| Sentence-final forms with honorific | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plain (해라체) | Informal (해체) | Polite (해요체) | Formal (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 험하시다 heomhasida |
험하셔 heomhasyeo |
험하세요, 험하셔요 heomhaseyo, heomhasyeoyo |
험하십니다 heomhasimnida |
| Past | 험하셨다 heomhasyeotda |
험하셨어 heomhasyeosseo |
험하셨어요 heomhasyeosseoyo |
험하셨습니다 heomhasyeotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 험하시냐 heomhasinya |
험하셔 heomhasyeo |
험하세요, 험하셔요 heomhaseyo, heomhasyeoyo |
험하십니까 heomhasimnikka |
| Past | 험하셨냐 heomhasyeonnya |
험하셨어 heomhasyeosseo |
험하셨어요 heomhasyeosseoyo |
험하셨습니까 heomhasyeotseumnikka | |
| Assertive | 험하시겠다 heomhasigetda |
험하시겠어 heomhasigesseo |
험하시겠어요 heomhasigesseoyo |
험하시겠습니다 heomhasigetseumnida | |
| Connective forms with honorific | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 험하셔 heomhasyeo |
험하셔서 heomhasyeoseo |
험하시니 heomhasini |
험하시니까 heomhasinikka | |
| Contrast | 험하시지만 heomhasijiman |
험하신데 heomhasinde |
험하시더니 heomhasideoni |
||
| Conjunction | 험하시고 heomhasigo |
||||
| Condition | 험하시면 heomhasimyeon |
험하셔야 heomhasyeoya |
|||
| Noun and determiner forms with honorific | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 험하심 heomhasim |
험하시기 heomhasigi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 험하셨음 heomhasyeosseum |
험하셨기 heomhasyeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Present | 험하신 heomhasin | |||
| Future | 험하실 heomhasil | ||||