πŒΊπŒ°πŒΏπ€πŒ°π„πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½

Gothic

Etymology

An iterative/intensive derivation from Proto-Germanic *kaupōnΔ… (β€œto trade, buy”), signalling repeated or forceful action. In several other Germanic languages iterative forms became the regular past of the simple verb (such as Old High German slagazen < slagon, Old Norse cΓΊpa < kaupa).[1]

Verb

πŒΊπŒ°πŒΏπ€πŒ°π„πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½ β€’ (kaupatjan)

  1. to buffet, slap

Conjugation

The past participle would be expected to follow the form of the other past tense forms, yielding *πŒΊπŒ°πŒΏπ€πŒ°πƒπ„πƒ (*kaupasts), but the single attestation of the past participle, πŒΊπŒ°πŒΏπ€πŒ°π„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ°πŒΉ (kaupatidai), contradicts this. It is not certain whether this is due to scribal error, later morphological levelling or due to some other irregularity in the verbs suffixed with -atjan.

Class 1 weak irregular
infinitive πŒΊπŒ°πŒΏπ€πŒ°π„πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½
kaupatjan
indicative present past present passive
1st singular πŒΊπŒ°πŒΏπ€πŒ°π„πŒΎπŒ°
kaupatja 		πŒΊπŒ°πŒΏπ€πŒ°πƒπ„πŒ°
kaupasta 		πŒΊπŒ°πŒΏπ€πŒ°π„πŒΎπŒ°πŒ³πŒ°
kaupatjada
2nd singular πŒΊπŒ°πŒΏπ€πŒ°π„πŒΎπŒΉπƒ
kaupatjis 		πŒΊπŒ°πŒΏπ€πŒ°πƒπ„πŒ΄πƒ
kaupastΔ“s 		πŒΊπŒ°πŒΏπ€πŒ°π„πŒΎπŒ°πŒΆπŒ°
kaupatjaza
3rd singular πŒΊπŒ°πŒΏπ€πŒ°π„πŒΎπŒΉπŒΈ
kaupatjiΓΎ 		πŒΊπŒ°πŒΏπ€πŒ°πƒπ„πŒ°
kaupasta 		πŒΊπŒ°πŒΏπ€πŒ°π„πŒΎπŒ°πŒ³πŒ°
kaupatjada
1st dual πŒΊπŒ°πŒΏπ€πŒ°π„πŒΎπ‰πƒ
kaupatjōs 		πŒΊπŒ°πŒΏπ€πŒ°πƒπ„πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏ
kaupastΔ“du 		β€”
2nd dual πŒΊπŒ°πŒΏπ€πŒ°π„πŒΎπŒ°π„πƒ
kaupatjats 		πŒΊπŒ°πŒΏπ€πŒ°πƒπ„πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏπ„πƒ
kaupastΔ“duts 		β€”
1st plural πŒΊπŒ°πŒΏπ€πŒ°π„πŒΎπŒ°πŒΌ
kaupatjam 		πŒΊπŒ°πŒΏπ€πŒ°πƒπ„πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏπŒΌ
kaupastΔ“dum 		πŒΊπŒ°πŒΏπ€πŒ°π„πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°
kaupatjanda
2nd plural πŒΊπŒ°πŒΏπ€πŒ°π„πŒΎπŒΉπŒΈ
kaupatjiΓΎ 		πŒΊπŒ°πŒΏπ€πŒ°πƒπ„πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏπŒΈ
kaupastΔ“duΓΎ 		πŒΊπŒ°πŒΏπ€πŒ°π„πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°
kaupatjanda
3rd plural πŒΊπŒ°πŒΏπ€πŒ°π„πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³
kaupatjand 		πŒΊπŒ°πŒΏπ€πŒ°πƒπ„πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏπŒ½
kaupastΔ“dun 		πŒΊπŒ°πŒΏπ€πŒ°π„πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°
kaupatjanda
subjunctive present past present passive
1st singular πŒΊπŒ°πŒΏπ€πŒ°π„πŒΎπŒ°πŒΏ
kaupatjau 		πŒΊπŒ°πŒΏπ€πŒ°πƒπ„πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΎπŒ°πŒΏ
kaupastΔ“djau 		πŒΊπŒ°πŒΏπ€πŒ°π„πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
kaupatjaidau
2nd singular πŒΊπŒ°πŒΏπ€πŒ°π„πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπƒ
kaupatjais 		πŒΊπŒ°πŒΏπ€πŒ°πƒπ„πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπƒ
kaupastΔ“deis 		πŒΊπŒ°πŒΏπ€πŒ°π„πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒΆπŒ°πŒΏ
kaupatjaizau
3rd singular πŒΊπŒ°πŒΏπ€πŒ°π„πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉ
kaupatjai 		πŒΊπŒ°πŒΏπ€πŒ°πƒπ„πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΉ
kaupastΔ“di 		πŒΊπŒ°πŒΏπ€πŒ°π„πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
kaupatjaidau
1st dual πŒΊπŒ°πŒΏπ€πŒ°π„πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπ…πŒ°
kaupatjaiwa 		πŒΊπŒ°πŒΏπ€πŒ°πƒπ„πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπ…πŒ°
kaupastΔ“deiwa 		β€”
2nd dual πŒΊπŒ°πŒΏπ€πŒ°π„πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπ„πƒ
kaupatjaits 		πŒΊπŒ°πŒΏπ€πŒ°πƒπ„πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπ„πƒ
kaupastΔ“deits 		β€”
1st plural πŒΊπŒ°πŒΏπ€πŒ°π„πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒΌπŒ°
kaupatjaima 		πŒΊπŒ°πŒΏπ€πŒ°πƒπ„πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπŒΌπŒ°
kaupastΔ“deima 		πŒΊπŒ°πŒΏπ€πŒ°π„πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
kaupatjaindau
2nd plural πŒΊπŒ°πŒΏπ€πŒ°π„πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒΈ
kaupatjaiΓΎ 		πŒΊπŒ°πŒΏπ€πŒ°πƒπ„πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπŒΈ
kaupastΔ“deiΓΎ 		πŒΊπŒ°πŒΏπ€πŒ°π„πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
kaupatjaindau
3rd plural πŒΊπŒ°πŒΏπ€πŒ°π„πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒ½πŒ°
kaupatjaina 		πŒΊπŒ°πŒΏπ€πŒ°πƒπ„πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπŒ½πŒ°
kaupastΔ“deina 		πŒΊπŒ°πŒΏπ€πŒ°π„πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
kaupatjaindau
imperative
2nd singular πŒΊπŒ°πŒΏπ€πŒ°π„πŒ΄πŒΉ
kaupatei
3rd singular πŒΊπŒ°πŒΏπ€πŒ°π„πŒΎπŒ°πŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
kaupatjadau
2nd dual πŒΊπŒ°πŒΏπ€πŒ°π„πŒΎπŒ°π„πƒ
kaupatjats
2nd plural πŒΊπŒ°πŒΏπ€πŒ°π„πŒΎπŒΉπŒΈ
kaupatjiΓΎ
3rd plural πŒΊπŒ°πŒΏπ€πŒ°π„πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
kaupatjandau
present past
participles πŒΊπŒ°πŒΏπ€πŒ°π„πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πƒ
kaupatjands 		πŒΊπŒ°πŒΏπ€πŒ°π„πŒΉπŒΈπƒ
kaupatiΓΎs

References

  1. ^ Modern Language Notes. (1902). United States: Johns Hopkins Press., p. 233

Further reading

  • Streitberg, Wilhelm (1910). Die gotische Bibel. Zweiter Teil: Gotisch-griechisch-deutsches WΓΆrterbuch. Heidelberg: Carl Winter’s UniversitΓ€tsbuchhandlung, p. 74
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