-과뎌
Middle Korean
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /kwátjə́/
Suffix
-과〮뎌〮 (-kwátyé)
- suffix used to express one's desire for another person to do something.
Usage notes
- -고〮져〮 (-kwócyé) is used to say that the subject wants to do something for themself, whereas 과〮뎌〮 (-kwátyé) is used to say that the subject wants another person to do something.[1]
Alternative forms
- -과〮ᄃᆡ〮여〮 (-kwátóyyé), -과〮댜〮 (-kwátyá)
See also
| Middle Korean sentence enders | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Form | Mood | Notes | Applied to 셔 (sye-, “to stand”) | ||||
| -다〮 (-tá) -라〮 (-lá) |
Declarative | Unmarked | 셔다〮 (Yale: syètá) | ||||
| -우〮마〮 (-wúmá) | Promissive | 셔우〮마〮 (Yale: syèwúmá) | |||||
| -ㄴ (-n) | -다〮 (-tá) | Interrogative | Realis | Obligatory for second-person (2P) subject | 션다〮 (Yale: syèntá) | ||
| -가〮 (-ka) | Polar question, non-2P subject | 션가〮 (Yale: syènká) | |||||
| -고〮 (-kwo) | Wh-word question, non-2P subject | 션고〮 (Yale: syènkwó) | |||||
| -ㅭ (-lq) | -다〮 (-tá) | Irrealis | Obligatory for 2P subject | 셜따〮 (Yale: syèlttá) | |||
| -가〮 (-ká) | Polar question, non-2P subject | 셜까〮 (Yale: syèlkká) | |||||
| -고〮 (-kwó) | Wh-word question, non-2P subject | 셜꼬〮 (Yale: syèlkkwó) | |||||
| -니〮- (-ní-) | -아〮 (-Gá) | Realis | Non-honorific | Polar question | 셔니〮아〮 (Yale: syèníGá), 셔녀〮 (Yale: syènyé) | ||
| -오〮 (-Gwó) | Non-polar question | 셔니〮오〮 (Yale: syèníGwó), 셔뇨〮 (Yale: syènywó) | |||||
| -ㅅ- (-s-) | -가〮 (-ká) | Deferential | No polarity distinction | 셔닛〮가〮 (Yale: syèníská) | |||
| -ᅌᅵᆺ- (-ngìs-) | Highly deferential | 셔니〮ᅌᅵᆺ가〮 (Yale: syèníngìská) | |||||
| -리〮- (-lí-) | -아〮 (-Gá) | Irrealis | Non-honorific | Polar question | 셔리〮아〮 (Yale: syèlíGá), 셔려〮 (Yale: syèlyé) | ||
| -오〮 (-Gwó) | Non-polar question | 셔리〮오〮 (Yale: syèlíGwó), 셔료〮 (Yale: syèlywó) | |||||
| -ㅅ- (-s-) | 가〮 (-ká) | Deferential | No polarity distinction | 셔릿〮가〮 (Yale: syèlíská) | |||
| -ᅌᅵᆺ- (-ngìs-) | Highly deferential | 셔리〮ᅌᅵᆺ가〮 (Yale: syèlíngìská) | |||||
| -라〮 (-lá) | Imperative | Ordering | Non-honorific | 셔라〮 (Yale: syèlá) | |||
| -아〮쎠〮 (-ássyé) -어〮쎠〮 (-éssyé) |
Deferential | 셔〮쎠〮 (Yale: syéssyé) | |||||
| -쇼〮셔〮 (-syósyé) | Highly deferential | 셔쇼〮셔〮 (Yale: syèsyósyé) | |||||
| -고〮- (-kwó-) -오〮- (-Gwó-) |
-라〮 (-lá) | Requesting | Non-honorific | 셔고〮라〮 (Yale: syèkwólá) | |||
| -려〮 (-lyé) | Deferential | 셔고〮려〮 (Yale: syèkwólyé) | |||||
| -ᅌᅵ- (-ngì-) | -다〮 (-tá) | Highly deferential | 셔고〮ᅌᅵ다〮 (Yale: syèkwóngìtá) | ||||
| -져〮 (-cyé) | Propositive | Plain | 셔져〮 (Yale: syècyé) | ||||
| -사〮- (-sá-) | -ᅌᅵ- (-ngì-) | -다〮 (-tá) | Deferential | 셔사〮ᅌᅵ다〮 (Yale: syèsángìtá) | |||
| -ㄴ (-n) | -뎌〮 (-tyé) | Exclamatory | Self-honoring | 션뎌〮 (Yale: syèntyé) | |||
| -ㅭ (-lq) | -셔〮 (-syé) | 셜쎠〮 (Yale: syèlssyé) | |||||
| -고〮나〮 (-kwóná) | Only sixteenth century | 셔고〮나〮 (Yale: syèkwóná) | |||||
| Based on 나찬연 2020, 중세 국어의 이해; Lee and Ramsey 2011, History of the Korean Language. Morphological segmentation of the verbal paradigm sometimes differs between analyses. The list is not exhaustive. | |||||||
References
- ^ 고은숙 [go'eunsuk] (2005) “연결어미 ‘과뎌’의 통시적 고찰 [yeon'gyeoreomi ‘-gwadyeo’ui tongsijeok gochal]”, in 형태론