-ella
See also: Appendix:Variations of "ella"
Translingual
Etymology
Suffix
-ella f
- (taxonomy) A suffix used to form taxonomic names, of genera of bacteria.
Derived terms
Translingual terms suffixed with -ella
Catalan
Etymology
Pronunciation
Suffix
-ella f (noun-forming suffix, plural -elles)
- forms feminine noun from nouns, indicating a particular kind or class of the root; often, but not always, used to indicate a diminutive form
Derived terms
Catalan terms suffixed with -ella
Finnish
Etymology
From Proto-Finnic *-(ë)ldak, from Proto-Uralic *-le-.
Suffix
-ella (front vowel harmony variant -ellä, stem -ele-, linguistic notation -ele- or -ellA)
- Forms frequentative verbs. The resulting verb often describes a more or less leisurely or long-lasting activity, or an activity that is not overly goal-oriented.
- käsittää (“to grasp, understand”) + -ella → käsitellä (“to handle, process”)
- muistaa (“to remember”) + -ella → muistella (“to think back, commemorate”)
- nostaa (“to lift”) + -ella → nostella (“to lift repeatedly”)
- ostaa (“to buy”) + -ella → ostella (“to shop”)
- rakastaa (“to love”) + -ella → rakastella (“to make love”)
- savuttaa (“to smoke, to produce smoke”) + -ella → savutella (“to smoke, to consume tobacco”)
Usage notes
Originally in complementary distribution with -illa, but recent coinages may use either (compare nakata → nakella, but hakata → hakkailla).
Some frequentative verbs are formed with the suffix -ia. See list of Finnish frequentative verbs for examples.
Conjugation
| Inflection of -ella (Kotus type 67/tulla, no gradation) | |||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| indicative mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
| present tense | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st sing. | -elen | en -ele | 1st sing. | olen -ellut | en ole -ellut | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd sing. | -elet | et -ele | 2nd sing. | olet -ellut | et ole -ellut | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd sing. | -elee | ei -ele | 3rd sing. | on -ellut | ei ole -ellut | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st plur. | -elemme | emme -ele | 1st plur. | olemme -elleet | emme ole -elleet | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd plur. | -elette | ette -ele | 2nd plur. | olette -elleet | ette ole -elleet | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd plur. | -elevat | eivät -ele | 3rd plur. | ovat -elleet | eivät ole -elleet | ||||||||||||||||
| passive | -ellaan | ei -ella | passive | on -eltu | ei ole -eltu | ||||||||||||||||
| past tense | pluperfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st sing. | -elin | en -ellut | 1st sing. | olin -ellut | en ollut -ellut | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd sing. | -elit | et -ellut | 2nd sing. | olit -ellut | et ollut -ellut | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd sing. | -eli | ei -ellut | 3rd sing. | oli -ellut | ei ollut -ellut | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st plur. | -elimme | emme -elleet | 1st plur. | olimme -elleet | emme olleet -elleet | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd plur. | -elitte | ette -elleet | 2nd plur. | olitte -elleet | ette olleet -elleet | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd plur. | -elivat | eivät -elleet | 3rd plur. | olivat -elleet | eivät olleet -elleet | ||||||||||||||||
| passive | -eltiin | ei -eltu | passive | oli -eltu | ei ollut -eltu | ||||||||||||||||
| conditional mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
| present | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st sing. | -elisin | en -elisi | 1st sing. | olisin -ellut | en olisi -ellut | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd sing. | -elisit | et -elisi | 2nd sing. | olisit -ellut | et olisi -ellut | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd sing. | -elisi | ei -elisi | 3rd sing. | olisi -ellut | ei olisi -ellut | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st plur. | -elisimme | emme -elisi | 1st plur. | olisimme -elleet | emme olisi -elleet | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd plur. | -elisitte | ette -elisi | 2nd plur. | olisitte -elleet | ette olisi -elleet | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd plur. | -elisivat | eivät -elisi | 3rd plur. | olisivat -elleet | eivät olisi -elleet | ||||||||||||||||
| passive | -eltaisiin | ei -eltaisi | passive | olisi -eltu | ei olisi -eltu | ||||||||||||||||
| imperative mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
| present | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st sing. | — | — | 1st sing. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd sing. | -ele | älä -ele | 2nd sing. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd sing. | -elkoon | älköön -elko | 3rd sing. | olkoon -ellut | älköön olko -ellut | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st plur. | -elkaamme | älkäämme -elko | 1st plur. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd plur. | -elkaa | älkää -elko | 2nd plur. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd plur. | -elkoot | älkööt -elko | 3rd plur. | olkoot -elleet | älkööt olko -elleet | ||||||||||||||||
| passive | -eltakoon | älköön -eltako | passive | olkoon -eltu | älköön olko -eltu | ||||||||||||||||
| potential mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
| present | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st sing. | -ellen | en -elle | 1st sing. | lienen -ellut | en liene -ellut | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd sing. | -ellet | et -elle | 2nd sing. | lienet -ellut | et liene -ellut | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd sing. | -ellee | ei -elle | 3rd sing. | lienee -ellut | ei liene -ellut | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st plur. | -ellemme | emme -elle | 1st plur. | lienemme -elleet | emme liene -elleet | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd plur. | -ellette | ette -elle | 2nd plur. | lienette -elleet | ette liene -elleet | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd plur. | -ellevat | eivät -elle | 3rd plur. | lienevät -elleet | eivät liene -elleet | ||||||||||||||||
| passive | -eltaneen | ei -eltane | passive | lienee -eltu | ei liene -eltu | ||||||||||||||||
| Nominal forms | |||||||||||||||||||||
| infinitives | participles | ||||||||||||||||||||
| active | passive | active | passive | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1st | -ella | present | -eleva | -eltava | |||||||||||||||||
| long 1st1 |
|
past | -ellut | -eltu | |||||||||||||||||
| 2nd | inessive2 | -ellessa | -eltaessa | agent4 | -elema | ||||||||||||||||
|
negative | -elematon | |||||||||||||||||||
| instructive | -ellen | — | 1) Used only with a possessive suffix.
2) Usually with a possessive suffix (active only). | ||||||||||||||||||
| 3rd | inessive | -elemassa | — | ||||||||||||||||||
| elative | -elemasta | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| illative | -elemaan | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| adessive | -elemalla | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| abessive | -elematta | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| instructive | -eleman | -eltaman | |||||||||||||||||||
| 4th3 | verbal noun | -eleminen | |||||||||||||||||||
| 5th1 |
| ||||||||||||||||||||
Note that if the stem has gradation, it is (almost always) preserved.
Derived terms
Finnish terms suffixed with -ella
See also
Anagrams
Ingrian
Etymology
From Proto-Finnic *-(e)ldak. Cognates include Finnish -ella and Estonian -leda.
Pronunciation
- (Ala-Laukaa) IPA(key): /-elːɑ/, [-e̞ɫː]
- (Soikkola) IPA(key): /-elːɑ/, [-e̞ɫːɑ]
Suffix
-ella (front vowel variant -ellä)
- Used to form frequentative verbs.
Conjugation
| Conjugation of -ella (type 12/kuulla, no gradation) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Indikativa | |||||
| Preesens | Perfekta | ||||
| positive | negative | positive | negative | ||
| 1st singular | -elen | en -ele | 1st singular | oon -elt, oon -ellut | en oo -elt, en oo -ellut |
| 2nd singular | -elet | et -ele | 2nd singular | oot -elt, oot -ellut | et oo -elt, et oo -ellut |
| 3rd singular | -eloo | ei -ele | 3rd singular | ono -elt, ono -ellut | ei oo -elt, ei oo -ellut |
| 1st plural | -elemma | emmä -ele | 1st plural | oomma -elleet | emmä oo -elleet |
| 2nd plural | -eletta | että -ele | 2nd plural | ootta -elleet | että oo -elleet |
| 3rd plural | -eloot1), -elevat2), -ellaa | evät -ele, ei -ella | 3rd plural | ovat -elleet | evät oo -elleet, ei oo -eltu |
| impersonal | -ellaa | ei -ella | impersonal | ono -eltu | ei oo -eltu |
| Imperfekta | Pluskvamperfekta | ||||
| positive | negative | positive | negative | ||
| 1st singular | -elin | en -elt, en -ellut | 1st singular | olin -elt, olin -ellut | en olt -elt, en olt -ellut |
| 2nd singular | -elit | et -elt, et -ellut | 2nd singular | olit -elt, olit -ellut | et olt -elt, et olt -ellut |
| 3rd singular | -eli | ei -elt, ei -ellut | 3rd singular | oli -elt, oli -ellut | ei olt -elt, ei olt -ellut |
| 1st plural | -elimma | emmä -elleet | 1st plural | olimma -elleet | emmä olleet -elleet |
| 2nd plural | -elitta | että -elleet | 2nd plural | olitta -elleet | että olleet -elleet |
| 3rd plural | -eliit1), -elivat2), -eltii | evät -elleet, ei -eltu | 3rd plural | olivat -elleet | evät olleet -elleet, ei olt -eltu |
| impersonal | -eltii | ei -eltu | impersonal | oli -eltu | ei olt -eltu |
| Konditsionala | |||||
| Preesens | Perfekta | ||||
| positive | negative | positive | negative | ||
| 1st singular | -elisin | en -elis | 1st singular | olisin -elt, olisin -ellut | en olis -elt, en olis -ellut |
| 2nd singular | -elisit, -eliist1) | et -elis | 2nd singular | olisit -elt, olisit -ellut | et olis -elt, et olis -ellut |
| 3rd singular | -elis | ei -elis | 3rd singular | olis -elt, olis -ellut | ei olis -elt, ei olis -ellut |
| 1st plural | -elisimma | emmä -elis | 1st plural | olisimma -elleet | emmä olis -elleet |
| 2nd plural | -elisitta | että -elis | 2nd plural | olisitta -elleet | että olis -elleet |
| 3rd plural | -elisiit1), -elisivat2), -eltais | evät -elis, ei -eltais | 3rd plural | olisivat -elleet | evät olis -elleet, ei olis -eltu |
| impersonal | -eltais | ei -eltais | impersonal | olis -eltu | ei olis -eltu |
| Imperativa | |||||
| Preesens | Perfekta | ||||
| positive | negative | positive | negative | ||
| 1st singular | — | — | 1st singular | — | — |
| 2nd singular | -ele | elä -ele | 2nd singular | oo -elt, oo -ellut | elä oo -elt, elä oo -ellut |
| 3rd singular | -elkoo | elköö -elko | 3rd singular | olkoo -elt, olkoo -ellut | elköö olko -elt, elköö olko -ellut |
| 1st plural | — | — | 1st plural | — | — |
| 2nd plural | -elkaa | elkää -elko | 2nd plural | olkaa -elleet | elkää olko -elleet |
| 3rd plural | -elkoot | elkööt -elko, elköö -eltako | 3rd plural | olkoot -elleet | elkööt olko -elleet, elköö olko -eltu |
| impersonal | -eltakkoo | elköö -eltako | impersonal | olkoo -eltu | elköö olko -eltu |
| Potentsiala | |||||
| Preesens | |||||
| positive | negative | ||||
| 1st singular | -ellen | en -elle | |||
| 2nd singular | -ellet | et -elle | |||
| 3rd singular | -elloo | ei -elle | |||
| 1st plural | -ellemma | emmä -elle | |||
| 2nd plural | -elletta | että -elle | |||
| 3rd plural | -elloot | evät -elle, ei -eltane | |||
| impersonal | -eltannoo | ei -eltane | |||
| Nominal forms | |||||
| Infinitivat | Partisipat | ||||
| active | passive | ||||
| 1st | -ella | present | -eleva | -eltava | |
| 2nd | inessive | -ellees | past | -elt, -ellut | -eltu |
| instructive | -ellen | 1) Chiefly in the Soikkola dialect. 2) Chiefly in the Ala-Laukaa dialect. *) For the imperative, the 2nd plural (-elkaa) may be used for the 3rd person as well. **) The interrogative is formed by adding the suffix -k (-ka?/-kä?) to the indicative ***) The deliberative is formed by adding the suffix -k (-ka?/-kä?) or -kse to either the indicative or the potential ****) In folk poetry, a long first infinitive can be formed by adding the suffix -kse-, followed by possessive suffixes, to the first infinitive. Note that sometimes gemination may be undone by this addition. | |||
| 3rd | illative | -elommaa | |||
| inessive | -elomas | ||||
| elative | -elomast | ||||
| abessive | -elomata | ||||
| 4th | nominative | -elomiin | |||
| partitive | -elomista, -elomist | ||||
Derived terms
Ingrian terms suffixed with -ella
Italian
Suffix
-ella f (noun-forming suffix, plural -elle)
- used with female nouns to form diminutives
- Synonyms: -cella, -etta, -ina, -uzza
- busta (“envelope”) + -ella → bustarella (“small envelope, bribe”)
Derived terms
Italian terms suffixed with -ella
Suffix
-ella (non-lemma form of adjective-forming suffix)
- feminine singular of -ello
Anagrams
Latin
Pronunciation
- -ella: (Classical Latin) IPA(key): [ɛl.la]
- -ella: (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): [el.la]
- -ellā: (Classical Latin) IPA(key): [ɛl.laː]
- -ellā: (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): [el.la]
Suffix
-ella
- inflection of -ellus:
- nominative/vocative feminine singular
- nominative/accusative/vocative neuter plural
Descendants
Suffix
-ellā
- ablative feminine singular of -ellus
Portuguese
Suffix
-ella f (noun-forming suffix, plural -ellas)
- obsolete spelling of -ela