-len
See also: Appendix:Variations of "len"
Hungarian
Etymology
Probably a compound suffix from el (“past, over”) + -en (adverb-forming suffix) meaning past a certain time, space or number.[1]
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [lɛn]
- Rhymes: -ɛn
Suffix
-len
- (adverb-forming suffix, rare, archaic) Usually added to words ending in the terminative case suffix -ig (“until, till, up to”) and it means the inclusion of the mentioned boundary (not just up to the boundary).
Usage notes
- (adverb-forming suffix) Variants:
- -lan is added to back-vowel words
- -len is added to front-vowel words
Derived terms
References
- ^ -lan in Czuczor, Gergely and János Fogarasi: A magyar nyelv szótára (“A Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”). Pest: Emich Gusztáv Magyar Akadémiai Nyomdász, 1862–1874.
Middle English
Suffix
-len
- alternative form of -elen
Turkish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /læn/
Etymology 1
Inherited from Ottoman Turkish ـلن (-len). Analyzable as -le (“noun-to-verb maker”) + -n (“reflexive mood”).
Suffix
| preceding vowel | |
|---|---|
| a / ı / o / u | e / i / ö / ü |
| -lan | -len |
-len
- Forms passive verb stems from nouns.
- sinir (“anger”) + -len → sinirlenmek (“to get angry”)
- endişe (“anxiety”) + -len → endişelenmek (“to get anxious”)
Derived terms
Turkish terms suffixed with -len
Etymology 2
From ilen, alternative form of ile. Cognate with Azerbaijani -nən, Gagauz -län.
Suffix
-len
- (colloquial, dialectal) alternative form of -le