Reconstruction:Proto-Austronesian/kələm

This Proto-Austronesian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Austronesian

Adjective

*kələm

dark, overcast

Descendants

Formosan
- Puyuma: kerem
Proto-Malayo-Polynesian:
- Malayo-Sumbawan:
  - Bali-Sasak-Sumbawa:
    - Sasak: kelem
  - Malayic:
    - Iban: kelam
    - Malay: kelam
- North Bornean:
  - North Sarawakan:
    - Bintulu: kələm
- Northwest Sumatran:
  - Batak:
    - Karo Batak: kelem
    - Toba Batak: holom
- Old Javanese:
  - Javanese: ꦏꦼꦊꦩ꧀ (kelem)
- South Sulawesi:
  - Makasar: kallang
- West Barito:
  - Ngaju: kalam
Puyuma: aremeng
Semai: kelèm

Proto-Malayo-Polynesian: *ləkəm (through metathesis)
- Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan: *ləkəm
  - Proto-Malayic: *ləgəm

References

Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen; et al. (2023) “*kelem”, in the CLDF dataset from The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary (2010–), →DOI