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This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.
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Proto-Celtic
Etymology
From *ad- (“towards”) + *reteti (“to run”).[1][2]
Verb
*adreteti
- to run at
- to attack
Inflection
| Thematic present, suffixless preterite
|
| Active voice
|
|
|
Present
|
Imperfect
|
Future
|
Preterite
|
| 1st singular
|
*adretū
|
*adretemam
|
?
|
*adrāta
|
| 2nd singular
|
*adretesi
|
*adretetās
|
?
|
*adrātas?
|
| 3rd singular
|
*adreteti
|
*adreteto
|
?
|
*adrāte
|
| 1st plural
|
*adretomosi
|
*adretemo
|
?
|
*adrātmo
|
| 2nd plural
|
*adretetesi
|
*adretestē
|
?
|
*adrāsse
|
| 3rd plural
|
*adretonti
|
*adretento
|
?
|
*adrātars
|
|
|
Pres. subjunctive
|
Past subjunctive
|
Imperative
|
|
| 1st singular
|
*adretsū
|
?
|
—
|
| 2nd singular
|
*adretsesi
|
?
|
*adrete
|
| 3rd singular
|
*adretseti
|
?
|
*adretetou
|
| 1st plural
|
*adretsomosi
|
?
|
*adretomos
|
| 2nd plural
|
*adretsetesi
|
?
|
*adretete
|
| 3rd plural
|
*adretsonti
|
?
|
*adretontou
|
| Passive voice
|
|
|
Present
|
Imperfect
|
Future
|
Preterite
|
| 1st singular
|
*adretūr
|
—
|
?
|
*adrātra
|
| 2nd singular
|
*adretetar
|
—
|
?
|
*adrātras?
|
| 3rd singular
|
*adretetor
|
?
|
?
|
*adrātre
|
| 1st plural
|
*adretommor
|
—
|
?
|
?
|
| 2nd plural
|
*adretedwe
|
—
|
?
|
?
|
| 3rd plural
|
*adretontor
|
?
|
?
|
?
|
|
|
Pres. subjunctive
|
Past subjunctive
|
Imperative
|
|
| 1st singular
|
*adretsūr
|
—
|
—
|
| 2nd singular
|
*adretsetar
|
—
|
—
|
| 3rd singular
|
*adretsetor
|
—
|
—
|
| 1st plural
|
*adretsommor
|
—
|
—
|
| 2nd plural
|
*adretsedwe
|
—
|
—
|
| 3rd plural
|
*adretsontor
|
—
|
—
|
| Declension of the present participle
|
| masculine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*adretonts
|
*adretonte
|
*adretontes
|
| vocative
|
*adretonts
|
*adretonte
|
*adretontes
|
| accusative
|
*adretontam
|
*adretonte
|
*adretontans
|
| genitive
|
*adretantos
|
*?
|
*adretantom
|
| dative
|
*adretantei
|
*adretantbom
|
*adretantbos
|
| instrumental
|
*adretantī?
|
*adretantbim
|
*adretantbis
|
| feminine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*adretantī
|
*adretantī
|
*adretantiyās
|
| vocative
|
*adretantī
|
*adretantī
|
*adretantiyās
|
| accusative
|
*adretantīm
|
*adretantī
|
*adretantiyans
|
| genitive
|
*adretantyās
|
*?
|
*adretantyom
|
| dative
|
*adretantyāi
|
*adretantyābom
|
*adretantyābos
|
| instrumental
|
*?
|
*adretantyābim
|
*adretantyābis
|
| neuter
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*adretont
|
*?
|
*adretonta
|
| vocative
|
*adretont
|
*?
|
*adretonta
|
| accusative
|
*adretont
|
*?
|
*adretonta
|
| genitive
|
*adretantos
|
*?
|
*adretantom
|
| dative
|
*adretantei
|
*?
|
*adretantbos
|
| instrumental
|
*adretantī?
|
*?
|
*adretantbis
|
| Declension of the middle participle
|
| masculine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*adretomnos
|
*adretomnou
|
*adretomnoi
|
| vocative
|
*adretomne
|
*adretomnou
|
*adretomnoi
|
| accusative
|
*adretomnom
|
*adretomnou
|
*adretomnons
|
| genitive
|
*adretomnī
|
*adretomnous
|
*adretomnom
|
| dative
|
*adretomnūi
|
*adretomnobom
|
*adretomnobos
|
| instrumental
|
*adretomnū
|
*adretomnobim
|
*adretomnobis
|
| feminine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*adretomnā
|
*adretomnai
|
*adretomnās
|
| vocative
|
*adretomnā
|
*adretomnai
|
*adretomnās
|
| accusative
|
*adretomnam
|
*adretomnai
|
*adretomnans
|
| genitive
|
*adretomnās
|
*adretomnous
|
*adretomnom
|
| dative
|
*adretomnai
|
*adretomnābom
|
*adretomnābos
|
| instrumental
|
*?
|
*adretomnābim
|
*adretomnābis
|
| neuter
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*adretomnom
|
*adretomnou
|
*adretomnā
|
| vocative
|
*adretomnom
|
*adretomnou
|
*adretomnā
|
| accusative
|
*adretomnom
|
*adretomnou
|
*adretomnā
|
| genitive
|
*adretomnī
|
*adretomnous
|
*adretomnom
|
| dative
|
*adretomnūi
|
*adretomnobom
|
*adretomnobos
|
| instrumental
|
*adretomnū
|
*adretomnobim
|
*adretomnobis
|
| Declension of the past participle
|
| masculine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*adressos
|
*adressou
|
*adressoi
|
| vocative
|
*adresse
|
*adressou
|
*adressoi
|
| accusative
|
*adressom
|
*adressou
|
*adressons
|
| genitive
|
*adressī
|
*adressous
|
*adressom
|
| dative
|
*adressūi
|
*adressobom
|
*adressobos
|
| instrumental
|
*adressū
|
*adressobim
|
*adressobis
|
| feminine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*adressā
|
*adressai
|
*adressās
|
| vocative
|
*adressā
|
*adressai
|
*adressās
|
| accusative
|
*adressam
|
*adressai
|
*adressans
|
| genitive
|
*adressās
|
*adressous
|
*adressom
|
| dative
|
*adressai
|
*adressābom
|
*adressābos
|
| instrumental
|
*?
|
*adressābim
|
*adressābis
|
| neuter
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*adressom
|
*adressou
|
*adressā
|
| vocative
|
*adressom
|
*adressou
|
*adressā
|
| accusative
|
*adressom
|
*adressou
|
*adressā
|
| genitive
|
*adressī
|
*adressous
|
*adressom
|
| dative
|
*adressūi
|
*adressobom
|
*adressobos
|
| instrumental
|
*adressū
|
*adressobim
|
*adressobis
|
Descendants
- Proto-Brythonic:
- Middle Welsh: eiryt, eiryd (3sg. pres.)
- Old Irish: ad·reith
- Gaulish:
- →⇒ Latin: Adrettiō, Adretonius, Adretilis, Adreticia, Atressus, Atrestus
References
- ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*ad-ret-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 25
- ^ Delamarre, Xavier (2003) “adret-, adress-”, in Dictionnaire de la langue gauloise: une approche linguistique du vieux-celtique continental [Dictionary of the Gaulish language: A linguistic approach to Old Continental Celtic] (Collection des Hespérides; 9), 2nd edition, Éditions Errance, →ISBN, page 33