Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/biwos

This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Celtic

Etymology

    From Proto-Indo-European *gʷih₃wós.[1]

    Adjective

    *biwos

    1. alive, living
    2. mortal

    Inflection

    O/ā-stem
    masculine singular dual plural
    nominative *biwos *biwou *biwoi
    vocative *biwe *biwou *biwoi
    accusative *biwom *biwou *biwons
    genitive *biwī *biwous *biwom
    dative *biwūi *biwobom *biwobos
    instrumental *biwū *biwobim *biwobis
    feminine singular dual plural
    nominative *biwā *biwai *biwās
    vocative *biwā *biwai *biwās
    accusative *biwam *biwai *biwans
    genitive *biwās *biwous *biwom
    dative *biwai *biwābom *biwābos
    instrumental *? *biwābim *biwābis
    neuter singular dual plural
    nominative *biwom *biwou *biwā
    vocative *biwom *biwou *biwā
    accusative *biwom *biwou *biwā
    genitive *biwī *biwous *biwom
    dative *biwūi *biwobom *biwobos
    instrumental *biwū *biwobim *biwobis
    Declension of the comparative
    masculine singular dual plural
    nominative *biwyūs *? *biwyoses
    vocative *biwyūs *? *biwyoses
    accusative *biwyosam *? *biwyosans
    genitive *biwisos *? *biwisom
    dative *biwisei *? *biwisbos
    instrumental *biwisī *? *biwisbis
    feminine singular dual plural
    nominative *biwyūs *? *biwyoses
    vocative *biwyūs *? *biwyoses
    accusative *biwyosam *? *biwyosans
    genitive *biwisos *? *biwisom
    dative *biwisei *? *biwisbos
    instrumental *biwisī *? *biwisbis
    neuter singular dual plural
    nominative *biwis *? *?
    vocative *biwis *? *?
    accusative *biwis *? *?
    genitive *biwisos *? *biwisom
    dative *biwisei *? *biwisbos
    instrumental *biwisī *? *biwisbis

    Derived terms

    Descendants

    • Proto-Brythonic: *bɨw
      • Breton: bev, beo (obsolete)
      • Cornish: byw, bew
      • Welsh: byw
    • Old Irish: béo
    • Primitive Irish: ᚁᚔᚃᚔᚈᚔ (biviti, given name)
    • Lepontic: 𐌐𐌉𐌖𐌏𐌍𐌄𐌉 (piuonei, individualized n-stem name)

    References

    1. ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*biwo-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 67