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This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.
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Proto-Celtic
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *bʰrus-yo-, from *bʰrews- (“to break”); related to *bruseti.[1]
Verb
*brusnati[2]
- to damage, to injure
Inflection
| Athematic present
|
| Active voice
|
|
|
Present
|
Imperfect
|
Future
|
Preterite
|
| 1st singular
|
*brusnami
|
*brusnamam
|
?
|
—
|
| 2nd singular
|
*brusnasi
|
*brusnatās
|
?
|
—
|
| 3rd singular
|
*brusnati
|
*brusnato
|
?
|
—
|
| 1st plural
|
*brusnamosi
|
*brusnamo
|
?
|
—
|
| 2nd plural
|
*brusnatesi
|
*brusnastē
|
?
|
—
|
| 3rd plural
|
*brusnanti
|
*brusnanto
|
?
|
—
|
|
|
Pres. subjunctive
|
Past subjunctive
|
Imperative
|
|
| 1st singular
|
?
|
?
|
—
|
| 2nd singular
|
?
|
?
|
*brusna
|
| 3rd singular
|
?
|
?
|
*brusnatou
|
| 1st plural
|
?
|
?
|
*brusnamos
|
| 2nd plural
|
?
|
?
|
*brusnate
|
| 3rd plural
|
?
|
?
|
*brusnantou
|
| Passive voice
|
|
|
Present
|
Imperfect
|
Future
|
Preterite
|
| 1st singular
|
*brusnar
|
—
|
?
|
—
|
| 2nd singular
|
*brusnatar
|
—
|
?
|
—
|
| 3rd singular
|
*brusnator
|
?
|
?
|
—
|
| 1st plural
|
*brusnammor
|
—
|
?
|
—
|
| 2nd plural
|
*brusnadwe
|
—
|
?
|
—
|
| 3rd plural
|
*brusnantor
|
?
|
?
|
—
|
|
|
Pres. subjunctive
|
Past subjunctive
|
Imperative
|
|
| 1st singular
|
?
|
—
|
—
|
| 2nd singular
|
?
|
—
|
—
|
| 3rd singular
|
?
|
—
|
—
|
| 1st plural
|
?
|
—
|
—
|
| 2nd plural
|
?
|
—
|
—
|
| 3rd plural
|
?
|
—
|
—
|
| Declension of the present participle
|
| masculine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*brusnants
|
*brusnante
|
*brusnantes
|
| vocative
|
*brusnants
|
*brusnante
|
*brusnantes
|
| accusative
|
*brusnantam
|
*brusnante
|
*brusnantans
|
| genitive
|
*brusnantos
|
*?
|
*brusnantom
|
| dative
|
*brusnantei
|
*brusnantbom
|
*brusnantbos
|
| instrumental
|
*brusnantī?
|
*brusnantbim
|
*brusnantbis
|
| feminine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*brusnantī
|
*brusnantī
|
*brusnantiyās
|
| vocative
|
*brusnantī
|
*brusnantī
|
*brusnantiyās
|
| accusative
|
*brusnantīm
|
*brusnantī
|
*brusnantiyans
|
| genitive
|
*brusnantyās
|
*?
|
*brusnantyom
|
| dative
|
*brusnantyāi
|
*brusnantyābom
|
*brusnantyābos
|
| instrumental
|
*?
|
*brusnantyābim
|
*brusnantyābis
|
| neuter
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*brusnant
|
*?
|
*brusnanta
|
| vocative
|
*brusnant
|
*?
|
*brusnanta
|
| accusative
|
*brusnant
|
*?
|
*brusnanta
|
| genitive
|
*brusnantos
|
*?
|
*brusnantom
|
| dative
|
*brusnantei
|
*?
|
*brusnantbos
|
| instrumental
|
*brusnantī?
|
*?
|
*brusnantbis
|
| Declension of the middle participle
|
| masculine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*brusnamnos
|
*brusnamnou
|
*brusnamnoi
|
| vocative
|
*brusnamne
|
*brusnamnou
|
*brusnamnoi
|
| accusative
|
*brusnamnom
|
*brusnamnou
|
*brusnamnons
|
| genitive
|
*brusnamnī
|
*brusnamnous
|
*brusnamnom
|
| dative
|
*brusnamnūi
|
*brusnamnobom
|
*brusnamnobos
|
| instrumental
|
*brusnamnū
|
*brusnamnobim
|
*brusnamnobis
|
| feminine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*brusnamnā
|
*brusnamnai
|
*brusnamnās
|
| vocative
|
*brusnamnā
|
*brusnamnai
|
*brusnamnās
|
| accusative
|
*brusnamnam
|
*brusnamnai
|
*brusnamnans
|
| genitive
|
*brusnamnās
|
*brusnamnous
|
*brusnamnom
|
| dative
|
*brusnamnai
|
*brusnamnābom
|
*brusnamnābos
|
| instrumental
|
*?
|
*brusnamnābim
|
*brusnamnābis
|
| neuter
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*brusnamnom
|
*brusnamnou
|
*brusnamnā
|
| vocative
|
*brusnamnom
|
*brusnamnou
|
*brusnamnā
|
| accusative
|
*brusnamnom
|
*brusnamnou
|
*brusnamnā
|
| genitive
|
*brusnamnī
|
*brusnamnous
|
*brusnamnom
|
| dative
|
*brusnamnūi
|
*brusnamnobom
|
*brusnamnobos
|
| instrumental
|
*brusnamnū
|
*brusnamnobim
|
*brusnamnobis
|
Descendants
References
- ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “brustniyo-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 81
- ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “frustum”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN