Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/dagos
Proto-Celtic
Etymology
Unknown. None of the proposed etymologies is plausible (compare Ancient Greek ταχύς (takhús, “fast”), Icelandic tækur (“acceptable”).[1]
Matasovic writes that it could possibly be assimilated from *dako-, which could be from Proto-Indo-European *dko-, also the source of *dekos- (“honor”). This root also gives Old Irish dech, the suppletive superlative to maith (“good”).[2]
Adjective
*dagos
Inflection
| O/ā-stem | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *dagos | *dagou | *dagoi |
| vocative | *dage | *dagou | *dagoi |
| accusative | *dagom | *dagou | *dagons |
| genitive | *dagī | *dagous | *dagom |
| dative | *dagūi | *dagobom | *dagobos |
| instrumental | *dagū | *dagobim | *dagobis |
| feminine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *dagā | *dagai | *dagās |
| vocative | *dagā | *dagai | *dagās |
| accusative | *dagam | *dagai | *dagans |
| genitive | *dagās | *dagous | *dagom |
| dative | *dagai | *dagābom | *dagābos |
| instrumental | *? | *dagābim | *dagābis |
| neuter | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *dagom | *dagou | *dagā |
| vocative | *dagom | *dagou | *dagā |
| accusative | *dagom | *dagou | *dagā |
| genitive | *dagī | *dagous | *dagom |
| dative | *dagūi | *dagobom | *dagobos |
| instrumental | *dagū | *dagobim | *dagobis |
| Declension of the comparative | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *dagyūs | *? | *dagyoses |
| vocative | *dagyūs | *? | *dagyoses |
| accusative | *dagyosam | *? | *dagyosans |
| genitive | *dagisos | *? | *dagisom |
| dative | *dagisei | *? | *dagisbos |
| instrumental | *dagisī | *? | *dagisbis |
| feminine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *dagyūs | *? | *dagyoses |
| vocative | *dagyūs | *? | *dagyoses |
| accusative | *dagyosam | *? | *dagyosans |
| genitive | *dagisos | *? | *dagisom |
| dative | *dagisei | *? | *dagisbos |
| instrumental | *dagisī | *? | *dagisbis |
| neuter | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *dagis | *? | *? |
| vocative | *dagis | *? | *? |
| accusative | *dagis | *? | *? |
| genitive | *dagisos | *? | *dagisom |
| dative | *dagisei | *? | *dagisbos |
| instrumental | *dagisī | *? | *dagisbis |
Descendants
- Proto-Brythonic: *daɣ (attested in the Bath curse tablets as an-dagin (“worthless”, accusative singular feminine)).
- Old Irish: dag-, deg-
- Irish: dea-, deagh- (superseded), deá- (Cois Fharraige)
- Scottish Gaelic: deagh
- Gaulish: dagos
References
- ^ Vendryes, Joseph (1996) “dag”, in Lexique Étymologique de l'Irlandais Ancien [Etymological lexicon of Old Irish] (in French), volume D, Dublin, Paris: Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, page D-7f.
- ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, pages dago-–86-87
Further reading
- Delamarre, Xavier (2003) “dagos”, in Dictionnaire de la langue gauloise: une approche linguistique du vieux-celtique continental [Dictionary of the Gaulish language: A linguistic approach to Old Continental Celtic] (Collection des Hespérides; 9), 2nd edition, Éditions Errance, →ISBN, page 134