Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/derwos
Proto-Celtic
Etymology
A derivative of Proto-Indo-European *dóru (“oak”),[1] possibly via a vṛddhi formation *derwós (“of oak”).
The Irish sense "true, certain" is a shift from a base meaning "(firm) as oak".[2]
Adjective
*derwos
Inflection
| O/ā-stem | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *derwos | *derwou | *derwoi |
| vocative | *derwe | *derwou | *derwoi |
| accusative | *derwom | *derwou | *derwons |
| genitive | *derwī | *derwous | *derwom |
| dative | *derwūi | *derwobom | *derwobos |
| instrumental | *derwū | *derwobim | *derwobis |
| feminine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *derwā | *derwai | *derwās |
| vocative | *derwā | *derwai | *derwās |
| accusative | *derwam | *derwai | *derwans |
| genitive | *derwās | *derwous | *derwom |
| dative | *derwai | *derwābom | *derwābos |
| instrumental | *? | *derwābim | *derwābis |
| neuter | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *derwom | *derwou | *derwā |
| vocative | *derwom | *derwou | *derwā |
| accusative | *derwom | *derwou | *derwā |
| genitive | *derwī | *derwous | *derwom |
| dative | *derwūi | *derwobom | *derwobos |
| instrumental | *derwū | *derwobim | *derwobis |
| Declension of the comparative | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *derwyūs | *? | *derwyoses |
| vocative | *derwyūs | *? | *derwyoses |
| accusative | *derwyosam | *? | *derwyosans |
| genitive | *derwisos | *? | *derwisom |
| dative | *derwisei | *? | *derwisbos |
| instrumental | *derwisī | *? | *derwisbis |
| feminine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *derwyūs | *? | *derwyoses |
| vocative | *derwyūs | *? | *derwyoses |
| accusative | *derwyosam | *? | *derwyosans |
| genitive | *derwisos | *? | *derwisom |
| dative | *derwisei | *? | *derwisbos |
| instrumental | *derwisī | *? | *derwisbis |
| neuter | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *derwis | *? | *? |
| vocative | *derwis | *? | *? |
| accusative | *derwis | *? | *? |
| genitive | *derwisos | *? | *derwisom |
| dative | *derwisei | *? | *derwisbos |
| instrumental | *derwisī | *? | *derwisbis |
Descendants
- Proto-Brythonic: *derw (“oaks”)
- Old Irish: derb (“certain”, adj.), derb f (“pail”, noun)
- Gaulish: *deruos
- → Latin: Dervus (name of a forest in Haute-Marne)
- French: Der (see Pays du Der)
- →⇒ Latin: Dervius, Dervacus, Dervonia
- →⇒ Old French: dervée (“oak wood”)
- → Latin: Dervus (name of a forest in Haute-Marne)
References
- ^ Delamarre, Xavier (2003) “deruos, derua, deruenton”, in Dictionnaire de la langue gauloise: une approche linguistique du vieux-celtique continental [Dictionary of the Gaulish language: A linguistic approach to Old Continental Celtic] (Collection des Hespérides; 9), 2nd edition, Éditions Errance, →ISBN, page 141
- ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*derwo-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 96