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This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.
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Proto-Celtic
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *dʰlégʰ-ti ~ *dʰl̥gʰ-énti, from *dʰlegʰ- (“to be entitled to, to be obligated to”).[1]
Verb
*dligeti[2][3]
- to be entitled to, to be obligated to
Inflection
| Thematic present, t-preterite
|
| Active voice
|
|
|
Present
|
Imperfect
|
Future
|
Preterite
|
| 1st singular
|
*dligū
|
*dligemam
|
*didlixsū
|
*dligam
|
| 2nd singular
|
*dligesi
|
*dligetās
|
*didlixsesi
|
*dlixs
|
| 3rd singular
|
*dligeti
|
*dligeto
|
*didlixseti
|
*dlixt
|
| 1st plural
|
*dligomosi
|
*dligemo
|
*didlixsomosi
|
*dligme
|
| 2nd plural
|
*dligetesi
|
*dligestē
|
*didlixsetesi
|
*dlixte
|
| 3rd plural
|
*dligonti
|
*dligento
|
*didlixsonti
|
*dligant
|
|
|
Pres. subjunctive
|
Past subjunctive
|
Imperative
|
|
| 1st singular
|
*dlexsū
|
?
|
—
|
| 2nd singular
|
*dlexsesi
|
?
|
*dlige
|
| 3rd singular
|
*dlexseti
|
?
|
*dligetou
|
| 1st plural
|
*dlexsomosi
|
?
|
*dligomos
|
| 2nd plural
|
*dlexsetesi
|
?
|
*dligete
|
| 3rd plural
|
*dlexsonti
|
?
|
*dligontou
|
| Passive voice
|
|
|
Present
|
Imperfect
|
Future
|
Preterite
|
| 1st singular
|
*dligūr
|
—
|
*didlixsūr
|
?
|
| 2nd singular
|
*dligetar
|
—
|
*didlixsetar
|
?
|
| 3rd singular
|
*dligetor
|
?
|
*didlixsetor
|
?
|
| 1st plural
|
*dligommor
|
—
|
*didlixsommor
|
?
|
| 2nd plural
|
*dligedwe
|
—
|
*didlixsedwe
|
?
|
| 3rd plural
|
*dligontor
|
?
|
*didlixsontor
|
*dliganto
|
|
|
Pres. subjunctive
|
Past subjunctive
|
Imperative
|
|
| 1st singular
|
*dlexsūr
|
—
|
—
|
| 2nd singular
|
*dlexsetar
|
—
|
—
|
| 3rd singular
|
*dlexsetor
|
—
|
—
|
| 1st plural
|
*dlexsommor
|
—
|
—
|
| 2nd plural
|
*dlexsedwe
|
—
|
—
|
| 3rd plural
|
*dlexsontor
|
—
|
—
|
| Declension of the present participle
|
| masculine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*dligonts
|
*dligonte
|
*dligontes
|
| vocative
|
*dligonts
|
*dligonte
|
*dligontes
|
| accusative
|
*dligontam
|
*dligonte
|
*dligontans
|
| genitive
|
*dligantos
|
*?
|
*dligantom
|
| dative
|
*dligantei
|
*dligantbom
|
*dligantbos
|
| instrumental
|
*dligantī?
|
*dligantbim
|
*dligantbis
|
| feminine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*dligantī
|
*dligantī
|
*dligantiyās
|
| vocative
|
*dligantī
|
*dligantī
|
*dligantiyās
|
| accusative
|
*dligantīm
|
*dligantī
|
*dligantiyans
|
| genitive
|
*dligantyās
|
*?
|
*dligantyom
|
| dative
|
*dligantyāi
|
*dligantyābom
|
*dligantyābos
|
| instrumental
|
*?
|
*dligantyābim
|
*dligantyābis
|
| neuter
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*dligont
|
*?
|
*dligonta
|
| vocative
|
*dligont
|
*?
|
*dligonta
|
| accusative
|
*dligont
|
*?
|
*dligonta
|
| genitive
|
*dligantos
|
*?
|
*dligantom
|
| dative
|
*dligantei
|
*?
|
*dligantbos
|
| instrumental
|
*dligantī?
|
*?
|
*dligantbis
|
| Declension of the middle participle
|
| masculine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*dligomnos
|
*dligomnou
|
*dligomnoi
|
| vocative
|
*dligomne
|
*dligomnou
|
*dligomnoi
|
| accusative
|
*dligomnom
|
*dligomnou
|
*dligomnons
|
| genitive
|
*dligomnī
|
*dligomnous
|
*dligomnom
|
| dative
|
*dligomnūi
|
*dligomnobom
|
*dligomnobos
|
| instrumental
|
*dligomnū
|
*dligomnobim
|
*dligomnobis
|
| feminine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*dligomnā
|
*dligomnai
|
*dligomnās
|
| vocative
|
*dligomnā
|
*dligomnai
|
*dligomnās
|
| accusative
|
*dligomnam
|
*dligomnai
|
*dligomnans
|
| genitive
|
*dligomnās
|
*dligomnous
|
*dligomnom
|
| dative
|
*dligomnai
|
*dligomnābom
|
*dligomnābos
|
| instrumental
|
*?
|
*dligomnābim
|
*dligomnābis
|
| neuter
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*dligomnom
|
*dligomnou
|
*dligomnā
|
| vocative
|
*dligomnom
|
*dligomnou
|
*dligomnā
|
| accusative
|
*dligomnom
|
*dligomnou
|
*dligomnā
|
| genitive
|
*dligomnī
|
*dligomnous
|
*dligomnom
|
| dative
|
*dligomnūi
|
*dligomnobom
|
*dligomnobos
|
| instrumental
|
*dligomnū
|
*dligomnobim
|
*dligomnobis
|
| Declension of the past participle
|
| masculine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*dlixtos
|
*dlixtou
|
*dlixtoi
|
| vocative
|
*dlixte
|
*dlixtou
|
*dlixtoi
|
| accusative
|
*dlixtom
|
*dlixtou
|
*dlixtons
|
| genitive
|
*dlixtī
|
*dlixtous
|
*dlixtom
|
| dative
|
*dlixtūi
|
*dlixtobom
|
*dlixtobos
|
| instrumental
|
*dlixtū
|
*dlixtobim
|
*dlixtobis
|
| feminine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*dlixtā
|
*dlixtai
|
*dlixtās
|
| vocative
|
*dlixtā
|
*dlixtai
|
*dlixtās
|
| accusative
|
*dlixtam
|
*dlixtai
|
*dlixtans
|
| genitive
|
*dlixtās
|
*dlixtous
|
*dlixtom
|
| dative
|
*dlixtai
|
*dlixtābom
|
*dlixtābos
|
| instrumental
|
*?
|
*dlixtābim
|
*dlixtābis
|
| neuter
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*dlixtom
|
*dlixtou
|
*dlixtā
|
| vocative
|
*dlixtom
|
*dlixtou
|
*dlixtā
|
| accusative
|
*dlixtom
|
*dlixtou
|
*dlixtā
|
| genitive
|
*dlixtī
|
*dlixtous
|
*dlixtom
|
| dative
|
*dlixtūi
|
*dlixtobom
|
*dlixtobos
|
| instrumental
|
*dlixtū
|
*dlixtobim
|
*dlixtobis
|
Derived terms
Descendants
- Proto-Brythonic: *dɨlɣɨd
- Middle Breton: dleout (“must”)
- Middle Cornish: dylly
- Middle Welsh: dylyu, dlyu (“to be entitled to; to be obligated to”)
- Old Irish: dligid (“to be entitled to”)
References
- ^ Kümmel, Martin Joachim (2011–2024) “?*dʰlegʰ-”, in Addenda und Corrigenda zu LIV²[1], page 22
- ^ Schumacher, Stefan, Schulze-Thulin, Britta (2004) “*dlig-e/o-”, in Die keltischen Primärverben: ein vergleichendes, etymologisches und morphologisches Lexikon [The Celtic Primary Verbs: A comparative, etymological and morphological lexicon] (Innsbrucker Beiträge zur Sprachwissenschaft; 110) (in German), Innsbruck: Institut für Sprachen und Literaturen der Universität Innsbruck, →ISBN, pages 281-83
- ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “dlig-o”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 101