Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/dregenom

This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Celtic

Etymology

The usual comparanda are Proto-Slavic *dernъ (“cornel”), Ancient Greek τέρχνος (térkhnos, “twig”), Old High German dirnbaum (“cornel”),^[1] and Lithuanian drignė (“henbane”).^[2]

Noun

*dregenom n^[3]

sloe, blackthorn (Prunus spinosa)

Inflection

Neuter o-stem
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*dregenom	*dregenou	*dregenā
vocative	*dregenom	*dregenou	*dregenā
accusative	*dregenom	*dregenou	*dregenā
genitive	*dregenī	*dregenous	*dregenom
dative	*dregenūi	*dregenobom	*dregenobos
locative	*dregenei	*?	*?
instrumental	*dregenū	*dregenobim	*dregenūis

Reconstruction notes

Reconstructing *dregen- (like Schrijver) instead of *dragen- is the only way to account for the palatalization of the -g- in Irish.
DIL infers neuter gender from the Old Irish genitive singular draigin alongside the later Irish plural draigne < *draignea.

Descendants

Proto-Brythonic: *draɣen
- Middle Breton: dren
  - Breton: draen
- Old Cornish: drain
- Middle Welsh: draen
  - Welsh: draen
Old Irish: draigen
- Irish: draighean
- Manx: drine
- Scottish Gaelic: droigheann
- ⇒ Middle Irish: draignech
  - Irish: draighneach
  - Scottish Gaelic: droighneach
- ⇒ Middle Irish: draignén
  - Irish: draighneán
  - Scottish Gaelic: droighnean
Gaulish:
- → Latin: Dregenius, Drecinus, Draganes
- → French: (dialectal terms) dren, ⇒ fourdraine

References

^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*dragenā”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 104
^ Delamarre, Xavier (2003) “drageno-”, in Dictionnaire de la langue gauloise: une approche linguistique du vieux-celtique continental [Dictionary of the Gaulish language: A linguistic approach to Old Continental Celtic] (Collection des Hespérides; 9), 2nd edition, Éditions Errance, →ISBN, page 148
^ Schrijver, Peter C. H. (1995) Studies in British Celtic historical phonology (Leiden studies in Indo-European; 5), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, page 135

[1] Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*dragenā”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 104

[2] Delamarre, Xavier (2003) “drageno-”, in Dictionnaire de la langue gauloise: une approche linguistique du vieux-celtique continental [Dictionary of the Gaulish language: A linguistic approach to Old Continental Celtic] (Collection des Hespérides; 9), 2nd edition, Éditions Errance, →ISBN, page 148

[3] Schrijver, Peter C. H. (1995) Studies in British Celtic historical phonology (Leiden studies in Indo-European; 5), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, page 135

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