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This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.
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Proto-Celtic
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *h₁em- (“to take”).[1]
Verb
*emeti
- to take
Inflection
| Thematic present, t-preterite
|
| Active voice
|
|
|
Present
|
Imperfect
|
Future
|
Preterite
|
| 1st singular
|
*emū
|
*ememam
|
*iemasū
|
*imam
|
| 2nd singular
|
*emesi
|
*emetās
|
*iemasesi
|
*ins
|
| 3rd singular
|
*emeti
|
*emeto
|
*iemaseti
|
*int
|
| 1st plural
|
*emomosi
|
*ememo
|
*iemasomosi
|
*imme
|
| 2nd plural
|
*emetesi
|
*emestē
|
*iemasetesi
|
*inte
|
| 3rd plural
|
*emonti
|
*emento
|
*iemasonti
|
*imant
|
|
|
Pres. subjunctive
|
Past subjunctive
|
Imperative
|
|
| 1st singular
|
*emasū
|
?
|
—
|
| 2nd singular
|
*emasesi
|
?
|
*eme
|
| 3rd singular
|
*emaseti
|
?
|
*emetou
|
| 1st plural
|
*emasomosi
|
?
|
*emomos
|
| 2nd plural
|
*emasetesi
|
?
|
*emete
|
| 3rd plural
|
*emasonti
|
?
|
*emontou
|
| Passive voice
|
|
|
Present
|
Imperfect
|
Future
|
Preterite
|
| 1st singular
|
*emūr
|
—
|
*iemasūr
|
?
|
| 2nd singular
|
*emetar
|
—
|
*iemasetar
|
?
|
| 3rd singular
|
*emetor
|
?
|
*iemasetor
|
?
|
| 1st plural
|
*emommor
|
—
|
*iemasommor
|
?
|
| 2nd plural
|
*emedwe
|
—
|
*iemasedwe
|
?
|
| 3rd plural
|
*emontor
|
?
|
*iemasontor
|
*imanto
|
|
|
Pres. subjunctive
|
Past subjunctive
|
Imperative
|
|
| 1st singular
|
*emasūr
|
—
|
—
|
| 2nd singular
|
*emasetar
|
—
|
—
|
| 3rd singular
|
*emasetor
|
—
|
—
|
| 1st plural
|
*emasommor
|
—
|
—
|
| 2nd plural
|
*emasedwe
|
—
|
—
|
| 3rd plural
|
*emasontor
|
—
|
—
|
| Declension of the present participle
|
| masculine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*emonts
|
*emonte
|
*emontes
|
| vocative
|
*emonts
|
*emonte
|
*emontes
|
| accusative
|
*emontam
|
*emonte
|
*emontans
|
| genitive
|
*emantos
|
*?
|
*emantom
|
| dative
|
*emantei
|
*emantbom
|
*emantbos
|
| instrumental
|
*emantī?
|
*emantbim
|
*emantbis
|
| feminine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*emantī
|
*emantī
|
*emantiyās
|
| vocative
|
*emantī
|
*emantī
|
*emantiyās
|
| accusative
|
*emantīm
|
*emantī
|
*emantiyans
|
| genitive
|
*emantyās
|
*?
|
*emantyom
|
| dative
|
*emantyāi
|
*emantyābom
|
*emantyābos
|
| instrumental
|
*?
|
*emantyābim
|
*emantyābis
|
| neuter
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*emont
|
*?
|
*emonta
|
| vocative
|
*emont
|
*?
|
*emonta
|
| accusative
|
*emont
|
*?
|
*emonta
|
| genitive
|
*emantos
|
*?
|
*emantom
|
| dative
|
*emantei
|
*?
|
*emantbos
|
| instrumental
|
*emantī?
|
*?
|
*emantbis
|
| Declension of the middle participle
|
| masculine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*emomnos
|
*emomnou
|
*emomnoi
|
| vocative
|
*emomne
|
*emomnou
|
*emomnoi
|
| accusative
|
*emomnom
|
*emomnou
|
*emomnons
|
| genitive
|
*emomnī
|
*emomnous
|
*emomnom
|
| dative
|
*emomnūi
|
*emomnobom
|
*emomnobos
|
| instrumental
|
*emomnū
|
*emomnobim
|
*emomnobis
|
| feminine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*emomnā
|
*emomnai
|
*emomnās
|
| vocative
|
*emomnā
|
*emomnai
|
*emomnās
|
| accusative
|
*emomnam
|
*emomnai
|
*emomnans
|
| genitive
|
*emomnās
|
*emomnous
|
*emomnom
|
| dative
|
*emomnai
|
*emomnābom
|
*emomnābos
|
| instrumental
|
*?
|
*emomnābim
|
*emomnābis
|
| neuter
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*emomnom
|
*emomnou
|
*emomnā
|
| vocative
|
*emomnom
|
*emomnou
|
*emomnā
|
| accusative
|
*emomnom
|
*emomnou
|
*emomnā
|
| genitive
|
*emomnī
|
*emomnous
|
*emomnom
|
| dative
|
*emomnūi
|
*emomnobom
|
*emomnobos
|
| instrumental
|
*emomnū
|
*emomnobim
|
*emomnobis
|
Derived terms
- *ɸare-emeti
- *ɸare-uɸo-emeti
- *dī-emeti
- *uɸo-emeti
- *kom-ɸro-im- (t-preterite formation)
- Old Irish: con·roíter (perfect of con·oí (“to protect”))
References
- ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*em-o-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 115
Further reading
- Pedersen, Holger (1913) Vergleichende Grammatik der keltischen Sprachen [Comparative Grammar of the Celtic Languages] (in German), volume II, Göttingen: Vandenhoeck und Ruprecht, →ISBN, § 712, pages 511–513