|
|
This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.
|
Proto-Celtic
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *gelH- (“able, powerful”). Akin to Lithuanian galėti (“to be able”), Proto-Slavic *golěmъ (“powerful”).
Verb
*galnati[1]
- to be able, can
Inflection
Like with all nasal-infix athematic verbs, the original conjugation of this verb was entirely discarded in Brythonic. The conjugation must be inferred from similarly-formed verbs. Since the verb is not attested in Goidelic, the preterite cannot be determined. Due to the laryngeal of the root being unknown, the pre-leveling ablaut of the present-tense nasal infix in the singular cannot be known, either.
| Athematic present
|
| Active voice
|
|
|
Present
|
Imperfect
|
Future
|
Preterite
|
| 1st singular
|
*galnami
|
*galnamam
|
*giglāsū
|
—
|
| 2nd singular
|
*galnasi
|
*galnatās
|
*giglāsesi
|
—
|
| 3rd singular
|
*galnati
|
*galnato
|
*giglāseti
|
—
|
| 1st plural
|
*galnamosi
|
*galnamo
|
*giglāsomosi
|
—
|
| 2nd plural
|
*galnatesi
|
*galnastē
|
*giglāsetesi
|
—
|
| 3rd plural
|
*galnanti
|
*galnanto
|
*giglāsonti
|
—
|
|
|
Pres. subjunctive
|
Past subjunctive
|
Imperative
|
|
| 1st singular
|
*galasū
|
?
|
—
|
| 2nd singular
|
*galasesi
|
?
|
*galna
|
| 3rd singular
|
*galaseti
|
?
|
*galnatou
|
| 1st plural
|
*galasomosi
|
?
|
*galnamos
|
| 2nd plural
|
*galasetesi
|
?
|
*galnate
|
| 3rd plural
|
*galasonti
|
?
|
*galnantou
|
| Passive voice
|
|
|
Present
|
Imperfect
|
Future
|
Preterite
|
| 1st singular
|
*galnar
|
—
|
*giglāsūr
|
—
|
| 2nd singular
|
*galnatar
|
—
|
*giglāsetar
|
—
|
| 3rd singular
|
*galnator
|
?
|
*giglāsetor
|
—
|
| 1st plural
|
*galnammor
|
—
|
*giglāsommor
|
—
|
| 2nd plural
|
*galnadwe
|
—
|
*giglāsedwe
|
—
|
| 3rd plural
|
*galnantor
|
?
|
*giglāsontor
|
—
|
|
|
Pres. subjunctive
|
Past subjunctive
|
Imperative
|
|
| 1st singular
|
*galasūr
|
—
|
—
|
| 2nd singular
|
*galasetar
|
—
|
—
|
| 3rd singular
|
*galasetor
|
—
|
—
|
| 1st plural
|
*galasommor
|
—
|
—
|
| 2nd plural
|
*galasedwe
|
—
|
—
|
| 3rd plural
|
*galasontor
|
—
|
—
|
| Declension of the present participle
|
| masculine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*galnants
|
*galnante
|
*galnantes
|
| vocative
|
*galnants
|
*galnante
|
*galnantes
|
| accusative
|
*galnantam
|
*galnante
|
*galnantans
|
| genitive
|
*galnantos
|
*?
|
*galnantom
|
| dative
|
*galnantei
|
*galnantbom
|
*galnantbos
|
| instrumental
|
*galnantī?
|
*galnantbim
|
*galnantbis
|
| feminine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*galnantī
|
*galnantī
|
*galnantiyās
|
| vocative
|
*galnantī
|
*galnantī
|
*galnantiyās
|
| accusative
|
*galnantīm
|
*galnantī
|
*galnantiyans
|
| genitive
|
*galnantyās
|
*?
|
*galnantyom
|
| dative
|
*galnantyāi
|
*galnantyābom
|
*galnantyābos
|
| instrumental
|
*?
|
*galnantyābim
|
*galnantyābis
|
| neuter
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*galnant
|
*?
|
*galnanta
|
| vocative
|
*galnant
|
*?
|
*galnanta
|
| accusative
|
*galnant
|
*?
|
*galnanta
|
| genitive
|
*galnantos
|
*?
|
*galnantom
|
| dative
|
*galnantei
|
*?
|
*galnantbos
|
| instrumental
|
*galnantī?
|
*?
|
*galnantbis
|
| Declension of the middle participle
|
| masculine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*galnamnos
|
*galnamnou
|
*galnamnoi
|
| vocative
|
*galnamne
|
*galnamnou
|
*galnamnoi
|
| accusative
|
*galnamnom
|
*galnamnou
|
*galnamnons
|
| genitive
|
*galnamnī
|
*galnamnous
|
*galnamnom
|
| dative
|
*galnamnūi
|
*galnamnobom
|
*galnamnobos
|
| instrumental
|
*galnamnū
|
*galnamnobim
|
*galnamnobis
|
| feminine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*galnamnā
|
*galnamnai
|
*galnamnās
|
| vocative
|
*galnamnā
|
*galnamnai
|
*galnamnās
|
| accusative
|
*galnamnam
|
*galnamnai
|
*galnamnans
|
| genitive
|
*galnamnās
|
*galnamnous
|
*galnamnom
|
| dative
|
*galnamnai
|
*galnamnābom
|
*galnamnābos
|
| instrumental
|
*?
|
*galnamnābim
|
*galnamnābis
|
| neuter
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*galnamnom
|
*galnamnou
|
*galnamnā
|
| vocative
|
*galnamnom
|
*galnamnou
|
*galnamnā
|
| accusative
|
*galnamnom
|
*galnamnou
|
*galnamnā
|
| genitive
|
*galnamnī
|
*galnamnous
|
*galnamnom
|
| dative
|
*galnamnūi
|
*galnamnobom
|
*galnamnobos
|
| instrumental
|
*galnamnū
|
*galnamnobim
|
*galnamnobis
|
| Declension of the past participle
|
| masculine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*glātos
|
*glātou
|
*glātoi
|
| vocative
|
*glāte
|
*glātou
|
*glātoi
|
| accusative
|
*glātom
|
*glātou
|
*glātons
|
| genitive
|
*glātī
|
*glātous
|
*glātom
|
| dative
|
*glātūi
|
*glātobom
|
*glātobos
|
| instrumental
|
*glātū
|
*glātobim
|
*glātobis
|
| feminine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*glātā
|
*glātai
|
*glātās
|
| vocative
|
*glātā
|
*glātai
|
*glātās
|
| accusative
|
*glātam
|
*glātai
|
*glātans
|
| genitive
|
*glātās
|
*glātous
|
*glātom
|
| dative
|
*glātai
|
*glātābom
|
*glātābos
|
| instrumental
|
*?
|
*glātābim
|
*glātābis
|
| neuter
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*glātom
|
*glātou
|
*glātā
|
| vocative
|
*glātom
|
*glātou
|
*glātā
|
| accusative
|
*glātom
|
*glātou
|
*glātā
|
| genitive
|
*glātī
|
*glātous
|
*glātom
|
| dative
|
*glātūi
|
*glātobom
|
*glātobos
|
| instrumental
|
*glātū
|
*glātobim
|
*glātobis
|
Derived terms
- *Galatis (formation in *-tis)
- →⇒ Ancient Greek: Γαλάτης (Galátēs) (see there for further descendants)
Descendants
References