Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/garsman

This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Celtic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *ǵeh₂r- (“to call, cry”), suffixed with *-sman (action noun suffix).

Noun

*gar(s)man n[1][2]

  1. cry
  2. shout

Declension

Neuter n-stem
singular dual plural
nominative *garsman *garsmane? *garsmana
vocative *garsman *garsmane? *garsmana
accusative *garsman *garsmane? *garsmana
genitive *garsmens *garsmenous? *garsmenom
dative *garsmenei *garsmembom *garsmembos
locative *garsmen(i) *? *?
instrumental *garsmenei *garsmembim *garsmembis

Descendants

  • Proto-Brythonic:
    • Middle Breton: garm
      • Breton: garm
    • Cornish: garm
    • Middle Welsh: garm
  • Old Irish: gairm
  • Gaulish: *garman
    • → Latin: Garmanus
    • → Old French: guermenter (“lament”)
  • → Latin: Garmangabi

References

  1. ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*gar(r)man-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 152
  2. ^ Koch, John (2004) “*gar(s)man-”, in English–Proto-Celtic Word-list with attested comparanda‎[1], University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies, page 54
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